Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho II > exam 1: renal disorders > Flashcards

exam 1: renal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

renal cortex:

A

dense outer section, contains glomeruli, renal columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

renal medulla

A

middle section, contains pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pyramids papillae

A

empty into calyces in sinus (inner section)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do the renal pyramids unite

A

in renal pelvis then go into ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primary functions of kidneys

A
  1. balancing h2o and wastes
  2. excrete waste
  3. conserve nutrients
  4. regulate acid base
  5. secrete renin
  6. synthesis and secrete erythropoietin
  7. secrete D3
  8. formation of urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

renal arteries

A

branch off into smaller afferent arteries wich flow into glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

efferent arterioles

A

peritubular caps surrounding nephron which aid in reabsorption and secretion and bring o2 to kidney cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many liters of blood flow per minute does the glomarulus get

A

1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glomerular filtration membrane has how many layers

A

3 layers and is selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the glomerular filtration rate depends on

A
  1. functioning healthy membrane

2. adequate perfusion pressure (high cap hydrostatic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the GFR

A

120-140 ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much of the total filtrate is actually excreted

A

1% or 1500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what filters through the G

A

all components of blood EXCEPT

RBC’s and plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hematuria

A

RBC in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

proteinuria

A

proteins in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 main processes of the nephrons

A
  1. filtration
  2. reabsorption
  3. secretion
    (4) . excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

filtration

A

from blood into the glomerulus via osmosis and diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the glomfiltrate

A 
primary water
Na
K
glucose
urea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reabsorption:

A

movement of substances out of the renal tubules back into the bloodstream
(h2o, glucose, Na and other ions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

secretion:

A

movement of substances from the blood stream into the distal and collecting tubules
(H+, K, NH3, drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

excretion:

A

out of the body via urine…. peeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Renal Hormones

A

Vitamin D

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vitamin D

A

comes from diet and sun but are inactive but are then activated by liver and kidney
need D to absorbe Ca and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

erythropoietin

A

synthed in the kidneys

stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hormones acting on kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
natriuretic peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

from posterior pituitary gland and acts on kidneys to increase reabsorption of free water

27
Q

aldosterone

A

rom adrenal cortes, acts on kidneys to increase reabsorption of Na and H2O

28
Q

natriuretic peptides

A

(ANP and BNP)
from myocardium
releases in responses to increased blood volume and inhibits the RAA system

29
Q

BUN test

A

waste product of cell metabolism
NL-10-20
must infuse continuously too much time

30
Q

creatinine test

A

need only one blood sample
NL- .7-1.5/100 ml
more accurate than BUN
24 hour creatinine clearance test also done

31
Q

increased H+

A

metabolic acidosis (decreased pH)

32
Q

Azotemia

A

rapid decline (days-weeks) in GFR causes retention of metabolic waste

33
Q

oliguria

A

output less than 400ml/day

34
Q

acute kidney injury (acute renal failure)

A

sudden kidney failure of sudden loss of the kidneys to remove waste products and concentrate urine

35
Q

renal insufficiency

A

decline in renal function to about 25% of normal
(starting to fail)
(can be reversed)

36
Q

Etiologies of acute kidney failure

A
  1. prerenal (30-80%)
  2. intrarenal (10-40%)
  3. postrenal (5-15%)
37
Q

prerenal

A

befor kidney- renal artery, afferent arteriole (blood pressure or flow problems)

Ischemia- renal failure

38
Q

causes of prerenal

A

loss of blood or water= decreased BF to renal arteries

39
Q

intrarenal

A

intrinsic (inside kidney)

40
Q

causes of intrarenal

A
  1. tubular disease: necrosis or HTN
  2. vascular disease: occlusion
  3. glomerular disease: glomerulon ephritis
    toxins
    meds
    trauma
41
Q

post renal

A

below the kidney
obstruction of outflow
uti-> back flow-> renal failure

42
Q

causes of post renal

A

crystals
any obstruction
paralysis of tubes

43
Q

clinical presentation of ARF

A

often asymptomatic:

  1. increases blood urea nitrogen and serum creatine
  2. 1st olgiuria for 10-14 days
  3. over 3 l/day
44
Q

clinical mani of ARF

A

R/T waste buildup:

  • anorexia
  • fatigue
  • mental changes
  • N/V
  • pruitis
  • Seizures if bun is high

R/T fluid overload:

  • SOB
  • crackles in lungs
  • peripheral edema

R/T encephalopathy

  • asterixix (flapping tremor)
  • Myoclonus (muscle jerk)
45
Q

Chronic Kidney Injury(CRF)

A

kidney is no longer able to maintain the homeostasis of body

46
Q

stage 1 CRF

A

end stage- chronic/peristent

47
Q

stage 2 CRF

A

uremic system clinical s/s appear

48
Q

eitologies of CRF

A
  • acute kidney disease that is unresolved
  • slow and insidious over time
    1. diabetic nephropathy
    2. glomerulonephritis
    3. long term HTN
49
Q

kidney mani in ESRD

A

kidneys atrophy and scar tissue forms
10% of normal function remains
uremia symptoms prevalant

50
Q

uremia symptoms

A

both seen in acute and chronic RF:
increase in urea and creatinine
symptoms seen in all areas of body

51
Q

musculoskeletal uremia symptom

A

(renal osteodystrophy)

bone mineralization deficiency due to hyperphosphate and hypocalcemia

52
Q

cardiovascular uremia symptoms

A

fluid overload, CHF, HTN

53
Q

hematologic uremia symptoms

A

anemia (decreased erythropoietin)

54
Q

GI uremia symptoms

A

urea=irritating=N/V and bleeding

55
Q

dermatologic uremia symptoms

A

related to increased urea products:

-dryness, itching, yellow gry skin, pale beds, uremic frost

56
Q

reproductive uremia symptoms

A

infertility, amenorrhea, impotence

57
Q

respiratory uremia symptoms

A

lung congestion due to edema

58
Q

neurologic uremia symptoms

A

fatigue

peripheral neuro irritibility

59
Q

psychological uremia symptoms

A

depression

insomina

60
Q

hyponatremia

A

due to fluid overload=dilution of na

61
Q

hypocalcemia

A

due to Vitamin D issues

62
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

cannot excrete excess

63
Q

hyperkalemia

A

cannot excrete excess

64
Q

decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

due to no erythropoietin

Patho II (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions