E4: acid base Flashcards
hydrogen ion concentration causes the area to be
acidic
when h+ increases pH
goes down and acidity goes up
when H+ decreases…
ph increases and acidity goes down
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3
know this,.. it can go both ways
acid definition
H+ producing sustance
base definition
H+ accepting substance
buffer definition
substance that can absorb excess H+(acid) or OH- (base)
what are the 3 ways the body regulated acid base balance
- plasma buffer systems (fast)
- respiratory system (minutes to hours)
- Renal system (hours to days)
plasma buffer systems
- HCO3-/H2CO3
- protein buffers (hgb)(have negative charges and can bind with positive H)
- phosphate (PO4-)
- Cellular ion exchange (potassium with hydrogen exchange)
how many H+ ions can PO4- bind to
four
respiratory system regulation
-lungs regulate retention or elimination of CO2 thru changes in rate of ventilation (rate and depth)
the more CO2 blown off, pH of the blood…
rises becomes alkaline
lungs consider CO2 as an
acid
Renal system regulation
-kidneys reabsorb more HCO3- or H+ (back in BS)
OR
-excrete more HCO3- or H+ (out of body)
arterial blood gasses (ABG) normal ranges (pH, pCO2, HCO3)
pH: 7.35-7.45
pCO2: 35-45mm/Hg
HCO3-: 22-28 mEq/L
which is our ABG respiratory indicator
pCO2 (high when lungs are not working)
which is our ABG metabolic indicator
HCO3-
acidosis
decreased pH of arterial blood (<7.35)
alkalosis
increased pH of arterial blood (> 7.45)
how does acidosis happen
-increase in H+ concentration
OR
-decrease in HCO3-
how does alkalosis happen
-decrease in H+ concentration
OR
-increase in HCO3-
HCO3- is a
base
if pCO2 is 21 what is happening
lungs are blowing off too much CO2 and you are in alkaline
if HCO3 is 18 what is happening
less base and it is acidosis
