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Patho II > E4: acid base > Flashcards

E4: acid base Flashcards

1
Q

hydrogen ion concentration causes the area to be

A

acidic

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2
Q

when h+ increases pH

A

goes down and acidity goes up

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3
Q

when H+ decreases…

A

ph increases and acidity goes down

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4
Q

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3

A

know this,.. it can go both ways

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5
Q

acid definition

A

H+ producing sustance

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6
Q

base definition

A

H+ accepting substance

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7
Q

buffer definition

A

substance that can absorb excess H+(acid) or OH- (base)

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8
Q

what are the 3 ways the body regulated acid base balance

A
  1. plasma buffer systems (fast)
  2. respiratory system (minutes to hours)
  3. Renal system (hours to days)
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9
Q

plasma buffer systems

A
  • HCO3-/H2CO3
  • protein buffers (hgb)(have negative charges and can bind with positive H)
  • phosphate (PO4-)
  • Cellular ion exchange (potassium with hydrogen exchange)
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10
Q

how many H+ ions can PO4- bind to

A

four

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11
Q

respiratory system regulation

A

-lungs regulate retention or elimination of CO2 thru changes in rate of ventilation (rate and depth)

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12
Q

the more CO2 blown off, pH of the blood…

A

rises becomes alkaline

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13
Q

lungs consider CO2 as an

A

acid

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14
Q

Renal system regulation

A

-kidneys reabsorb more HCO3- or H+ (back in BS)
OR
-excrete more HCO3- or H+ (out of body)

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15
Q

arterial blood gasses (ABG) normal ranges (pH, pCO2, HCO3)

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
pCO2: 35-45mm/Hg
HCO3-: 22-28 mEq/L

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16
Q

which is our ABG respiratory indicator

A

pCO2 (high when lungs are not working)

17
Q

which is our ABG metabolic indicator

A

HCO3-

18
Q

acidosis

A

decreased pH of arterial blood (<7.35)

19
Q

alkalosis

A

increased pH of arterial blood (> 7.45)

20
Q

how does acidosis happen

A

-increase in H+ concentration
OR
-decrease in HCO3-

21
Q

how does alkalosis happen

A

-decrease in H+ concentration
OR
-increase in HCO3-

22
Q

HCO3- is a

A

base

23
Q

if pCO2 is 21 what is happening

A

lungs are blowing off too much CO2 and you are in alkaline

24
Q

if HCO3 is 18 what is happening

A

less base and it is acidosis

25
Q

respiratory acidosis cause

A

anything depressing ventilation or gas exchange

  • depression of the respiratory center (drug OD)
  • resp muscle paralysis
  • lung disorders

RETAINING CO2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

26
Q

metabolic acidosis causes

A

Loss of base or gain of acid:

  1. renal failure (unable to retain HCO3-)
  2. lactic acidosis
  3. DB ketoacidosis
  4. Diarrhea (loss of GI HCO3-)
  5. ingestion of acids
27
Q

respiratory alkalosis causes

A

-hyperventilation (blow off more CO2)

28
Q

metabolic alkalosis causes

A
  • loss of metabolic acids (V)

- excess of HCO3- intake

29
Q

compensated ABG for respiratory acidosis

A

pH: normal (7.35-7.4)(low side)
pCO2: high still
HCO3-: high (this is the compensation)

30
Q

compensation for respiratory acidosis

A

by the kidneys!

Retain more HCO3- or excrete more H+

31
Q

initial ABG for respiratory alkalosis

A

pH: high
pCO2: low
HCO3-: normal

32
Q

compensation for respiratory alkalosis

A
  • by the kidneys
    excrete more HCO3- or retain more H+
    (opposite from respiratory acidosis)
33
Q

compensated ABG for respiratory alkalosis

A

pH: normal (7.40-7.45)(high side)
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low (getting rid)

34
Q

initial metabolic acidosis ABG

A

pH: low
pCO2: normal
HCO3-: low

35
Q

compensated metabolic acidosis ABG

A

pH: normal (
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low

36
Q

compensated metabolic acidosis ABG

A

pH: normal (7.35-7.40) (low side)
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low

37
Q

compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

By the lungs:

-hyperventilate to get rid of (blow off) more CO2

38
Q

initial metabolic alkalosis ABG

A

pH: high
pCO2: normal
HCO3-: high

39
Q

compensation for metabolic alkalosiss

A

pH: normal (7.40-7.45) (high side)
pCO2: high
HCO3-:high

Patho II (23 decks)

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