E4: acid base Flashcards
hydrogen ion concentration causes the area to be
acidic
when h+ increases pH
goes down and acidity goes up
when H+ decreases…
ph increases and acidity goes down
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3
know this,.. it can go both ways
acid definition
H+ producing sustance
base definition
H+ accepting substance
buffer definition
substance that can absorb excess H+(acid) or OH- (base)
what are the 3 ways the body regulated acid base balance
- plasma buffer systems (fast)
- respiratory system (minutes to hours)
- Renal system (hours to days)
plasma buffer systems
- HCO3-/H2CO3
- protein buffers (hgb)(have negative charges and can bind with positive H)
- phosphate (PO4-)
- Cellular ion exchange (potassium with hydrogen exchange)
how many H+ ions can PO4- bind to
four
respiratory system regulation
-lungs regulate retention or elimination of CO2 thru changes in rate of ventilation (rate and depth)
the more CO2 blown off, pH of the blood…
rises becomes alkaline
lungs consider CO2 as an
acid
Renal system regulation
-kidneys reabsorb more HCO3- or H+ (back in BS)
OR
-excrete more HCO3- or H+ (out of body)
arterial blood gasses (ABG) normal ranges (pH, pCO2, HCO3)
pH: 7.35-7.45
pCO2: 35-45mm/Hg
HCO3-: 22-28 mEq/L
which is our ABG respiratory indicator
pCO2 (high when lungs are not working)
which is our ABG metabolic indicator
HCO3-
acidosis
decreased pH of arterial blood (<7.35)
alkalosis
increased pH of arterial blood (> 7.45)
how does acidosis happen
-increase in H+ concentration
OR
-decrease in HCO3-
how does alkalosis happen
-decrease in H+ concentration
OR
-increase in HCO3-
HCO3- is a
base
if pCO2 is 21 what is happening
lungs are blowing off too much CO2 and you are in alkaline
if HCO3 is 18 what is happening
less base and it is acidosis
respiratory acidosis cause
anything depressing ventilation or gas exchange
- depression of the respiratory center (drug OD)
- resp muscle paralysis
- lung disorders
RETAINING CO2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
metabolic acidosis causes
Loss of base or gain of acid:
- renal failure (unable to retain HCO3-)
- lactic acidosis
- DB ketoacidosis
- Diarrhea (loss of GI HCO3-)
- ingestion of acids
respiratory alkalosis causes
-hyperventilation (blow off more CO2)
metabolic alkalosis causes
- loss of metabolic acids (V)
- excess of HCO3- intake
compensated ABG for respiratory acidosis
pH: normal (7.35-7.4)(low side)
pCO2: high still
HCO3-: high (this is the compensation)
compensation for respiratory acidosis
by the kidneys!
Retain more HCO3- or excrete more H+
initial ABG for respiratory alkalosis
pH: high
pCO2: low
HCO3-: normal
compensation for respiratory alkalosis
- by the kidneys
excrete more HCO3- or retain more H+
(opposite from respiratory acidosis)
compensated ABG for respiratory alkalosis
pH: normal (7.40-7.45)(high side)
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low (getting rid)
initial metabolic acidosis ABG
pH: low
pCO2: normal
HCO3-: low
compensated metabolic acidosis ABG
pH: normal (
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low
compensated metabolic acidosis ABG
pH: normal (7.35-7.40) (low side)
pCO2: low
HCO3-: low
compensation for metabolic acidosis
By the lungs:
-hyperventilate to get rid of (blow off) more CO2
initial metabolic alkalosis ABG
pH: high
pCO2: normal
HCO3-: high
compensation for metabolic alkalosiss
pH: normal (7.40-7.45) (high side)
pCO2: high
HCO3-:high
