Eukaryotic Cellular Organelles

Question 1

What organelles are in an animal cell

Answer 1

-lysosomes
-rough Endoplasmic reticulum
-centrioles
-mitochondria
-80S ribosomes
-cytoplasm
-Golgi apparatus
-nuclear envelope
-vesicles
-smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
-Cell surface membrane
-nucleolus

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

-Double envelope, Delta membrane continuous with endoplasmic reticulum
-Produces mRNA and tRNA, therefore synthesis of protein
-Contains DNA and chromosomes and produces ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

-Double membrane that encloses the nucleus
-Includes an array of small holes/nuclear pores
-Separates the chromosomes from the rest of the cell and permits passage of certain materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Made up of proteins and RNA, and makes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes

Question 5

80S ribosomes

Answer 5

-Either floats free in the cytoplasm or is bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
-roll is protein synthesis

Question 6

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

-A system of membranes enclosing a fluid field space studded with ribosomes
-folds and processes proteins
-The folded membranes are called cisternae

Question 7

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

-Synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
-NO RIBOSOMES

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

-visually oval shape
-double membrane
-filled with a fluid called mitochondrial matrix
-site of aerobic respiration
Inner membrane is folded into cristae
-mitochondria has ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

-round
-surrounded by a membrane containing digestive and hydrolyte enzymes
-produced by Golgi apparatus
-release enzymes
-digest old cells and organelles

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

-A group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacks
-Modifies proteins and lipids which are transported by Golgi vesicles

Question 11

Centrioles

Answer 11

-Small hello cylinder is made of microtubules
-Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

-A small fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane
-Used to transport substances out and around the cell
-Formed at the Golgi 

Question 13

What extra organelles are in plant cells

Answer 13

-vacuole
-cellulose cell wall
-chloroplasts
-plasmodesmata
-amyloplasts

Question 14

Vacuole

Answer 14

-Fluid filled sac with a single membrane called tonoplast
-Helps maintain turgor pressure inside the cell

Question 15

Cellulose cell wall

Answer 15

-Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells
-Supports cell and prevents them from changing

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

-A small flat and structure surrounded by a double membrane
-Contains a pigment called chlorophyll, which is required for photosynthesis

Question 17

Plasmodesmata

Answer 17

-Microscopic channels which traverse the walls of the plant cell
-This channel allows cytoplasm between cells to be connected and allows transport signalling and communication between them

Question 18

Amyloplasts

Answer 18

-A small colourless organelle which stores starch