Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is mitosis
A type of cell division resulting in a production of two genetically identical daughter cells, which are capable of carrying out the same role within an organism
What is a gene
A section of DNA which codes for a specific characteristic
What is a chromosome?
A long strand of DNA which consists of numerous genes
What is an allele?
A different version of the same gene
What are the 3 key stages of the cell cycle
1- interphase (G1,S,G2)
2-Nuclear division (mitosis,meiosis)
3-cytokinesis (cytoplasm splits)
What is a chromatid
A replica strand of DNA each one will end up in a different daughter cell
What is a centromere
Holds two copies together and attaches to spindle fibres
What are the 4 stages of mitosis
-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase
What happens in prophase
The chromosomes condense and become visible under the optical microscope, in addition to centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus and begins to form spindle fibres. Finally, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus begin to break down.
What happens in metaphase
The chromatids lineup along the equator of the cell and spindle fibres join the centromeres which hold the chromatids together. This means that each chromatid is connected to the centrosomes by a spindle fibres.
What happens in anaphase
Spindle fibres begin to pull the two chromatids of each chromosome to opposite poles of the cell. The energy for this process is provided by respiration done by the mitochondria. This means that each chromosome is connected to the centrosomes via spindle fibres.
What happens in telophase
Chromosomes reach opposite poles. The spindle fibres disintegrate, and the chromosomes become longer and thinner until they are no longer visible as widespread chromatin. The nucleolus and nuclear envelope then reform.
What happens in cytokinesis
Cell membrane is pulled inwards across the centre of the cell pinching of the cytoplasm into two equal halves
