Cancer Flashcards
What does benign mean
Stays in one place rather than invading other tissue making it noncancerous
What does malignant mean
Grows and spreads to other parts of the body making it cancerous
What is metastasis
1- A malignant tumour forms as cancer cells, and divide
2-A group of malignant cancer cells break off from the primary tumour
3-These cells in into the blood vessels, and I carried to a new location in the body
4-The malignant cancerous cells form a secondary tumour
What is cancer
Cancer is caused when DNA is mutated and the instructions are altered a cancerous mutation causes uncontrollable cell growth and division. Cancer is a result of mutation in genes that regulates mitosis and the rest of the cell cycle.
Why aren’t benign tumours cancerous
Because they produce adhesion molecules sticking them together and to a particular tissue often surrounded by a capsule to remain compact, and can be removed by surgery
What makes malignant tumours cancerous
-Cell nucleus can become large and cells can become on specialised again
-Do not produce adhesive so metastases occurs there is no capsule so the tumour grow projections into the surrounding tissue and develop its own blood supply
What are cancer treatments and drugs
-Adriamycin and cytoxan
-methotrexate
-taxol and vicristine
What does adriamycin and cytoxan do
Stops DNA unwinding prior to replication
What does methotrexate do
Stops cell making DNA nucleotides
What does taxol and vicristine do
Prevents the formation of mitotic spindles
What do Porto-oncagenes do
-stimulates cells to divide
-when mutated it becomes an oncogene
-stimulates uncontrolled cell division when activated
