Ethnicity And Internal Factors Pt.2: Lesson 34 Flashcards
Key points on institutional racism
- Discrimination built into the way institutions operate
- Roithmayr: discrimination is historical and has become so large there’s no need for active intent to discriminate. Institutionalised racism is locked in inequality
- Gillborn: so locked in its become an inevitable feature of the education system
What did Gillborn 1997 say about marketisation & segregation?
- Marketisation allows schools to be more selective in types of children to enrol
- Negative stereotypes regarding ethnic minority pupils affects ways school selection policies operate
What did Moore & Davenport 1990 say about marketisation & segregation?
- Selective process leads to segregation & ethnic minority pupils to be allocated to underperforming schools
- Primary school reports used to screen out pupil with language difficulties & application process difficult for non English speakers
- Ethically stratified education system
What did the Commission for Racial Equality 1993 say?
Reports from primary schools which stereotypes minority pupils
Racial bias in interviews for school places
Lack of information & application forms in minority language
Minority parents often unaware of how application process work & importance of deadline
What is ethnocentric?
Attitude or policy which gives priority to culture and viewpoint of one ethnic group while disregarding others as inferior
What are the two ways that the curriculum is ethnocentric?
- Language, literature & music
- History
How is the curriculum ethnocentric through language, literature & music?
- Meagre provision fir teaching Asian languages
- National curriculum is specifically British curriculum which ignores non-European languages
How is the curriculum ethnocentric through History?
- Ball 1994 argues national curriculum lacks ethnic diversity & promotes an attitude of ‘Little Englishman’
- Teaches ‘mythical age of empire & past glories’
What did Coard 1971 say about how British history presents itself?
- Bringing civilisation to the primitive people they colonised
- Portrays black people as inferior which undermines their self esteem and therefore performance
What does Gillborn say about Assessments?
- Assesment game is rigged & dominant culture is validated as superior
- If black children succeed rules will be changed to re-engineer failure
- 2003 baseline assessment tested pupils as they started compulsory schooling replaced with foundation stage profile
- FSP changed way which pupils were measured & led to perception black children were underachieving
- FSP based in teacher judgment
How is Access to opportunities linked to institutionalised racism?
Gifted & talented programme
- Created with aim of meeting needs of more talented pupils in inner city schools
- White student 2x more likely than black Caribbean & 5x more than black African to be labelled
Exam tiers
- 30 schools with aim higher programme black pupils more likely to be entered into foundation tier GCSEs
What is the new IQism?
- Teachers make false assumptions about potential & assume it’s a fixed quantity which can be measured
- Assessment of abilities through teacher perception only tells what a pupil can do now, doesn’t account for potential
- Schools increasingly using old style IQ tests
- Access to higher sets relies on teachers assessment of pupil abilities
- Teachers stream students by perception of behaviour
What did Evan’s 2006 say about the new IQism?
- Must examine how ethnicity interacts with gender & class to fully understand relationship between ethnicity & academic achievement
- When examining black pupils sociologists often examine black pupils in relation to ethnicity & culture not class
What did Connolly 1998 say about the new IQism?
Studied 5&6 yr old pupils in a multi ethnic inner city primary school
. Masculinity is constructed differently according to ethnicity
- Black boys perceived as disruptive underachievers and are punished more & encouraged more into sports & non-academic activities to manage them
- Asian boys perceived as passive, academic & conformist & when they misbehave they’re seen as immature not threatening. Often perceived as feminine by other boys.
