Social Class Differences In Attainment, Int Pt.1: Lesson 21 Flashcards
Define internal factors
Factors inside education system which influence level of attainment achieved by pupils
Define labelling
Process of applying simplified descriptions to people, can lead to assumptions being made about others
Define The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
A form of labelling; when a persons behaviour and self-image begins to changes because of a prediction about them
Define Pupil Subculture
A group of pupils within a school who share norms, values, attitudes and beliefs which differ from mainstream culture of then school e.g anti- school subculture
Who is Becker 1971 and what did he study?
- Interactionist
- Interested in how labels were applied in education and how these labels affect individuals
What study did Becker 1971 conduct?
Conducted interviews with 60 Chicago teachers
What did Becker find?
- Teachers judge pupils based on “ideal pupil”
- MC student more likely to be labelled ideal pupil
- MC students positively labelled & WC negatively labelled regardless of ability. Leading to self-fulfilling prophecy and MC doing better
What did Rist 1970 believe about labelling?
Occurs from very start of educational career and is heavily influenced by social class
What study did Rist 1970 conduct and what did he find?
- American kindergarten
- Teacher was using information on students home-life, appearance& background to place them in groups at each table
- MC positively labelled & WC negatively labelled
What groups did Rist identify and what were the characteristics?
Group A: Tigers
- Fast learners, clean, neat in appearance, usually MC, seated nearest to teacher and given greater encouragement
Group B & C: Cardinals & Clowns
- WC, less clean appearance, sat further from teacher and given less encouragement, lower level books to read and less chances to demonstrate individual abilities
What do Dunne & Gazely 2008 believe about labelling?
School consistently produce WC underachievement due to teacher labelling and teacher assumptions about pupils
What study did Dunne & Gazely 2008 conduct and what did they find?
- Interviews with teachers in 9 secondary schools
- Teachers normalise WC underachievement and believed they couldn’t help them overcome educational barriers . Didn’t believe this about MC also
- reason for difference is because they think home-life is the biggest factor for success
What did Rosenthal & Jacobson 1968 study and what did they find?
- Seconday schools in California
- told teachers they had a test which identified 20% of student were spurters and would make rapid progress
- 1yr later 47% of sputters made significant progress in educational achievement
- Test was really IQ test & there were no spurters
What did Rosenthal & Jacobson conclude?
- Positive perception of spurters, led to positive labelling, leading to self- fulfilling prophecy
