Social Class Differences In Attiantment,Ext Pt.1: Lesson 18 Flashcards
Define External factors
- “factors outside of the education system which influences levels of attainment achieved by pupils”
- e.g home-life & family background
Define social class
- “social groupings or hierarchy based on difference in wealth, income or occupation”
Define deprivation
- “Denial of access to resources required for self-development and fulfilment of basic necessities”
What’s the relationship between social class & education?
- MC preform better than WC
- MC stay in education longer
- grammar and fee- paying schools do better
- pupils eligible for FSM preform worse than those not
What is the percentage of those privately educated and those in Oxbridge who were privately educated?
- 7% privately educated in Britain
- 42% of privately educated go to Oxbridge
What are the external factors causing the attainment gap?
- cultural deprivation
- material deprivation
- deprivation of cultural capital
What is cultural capital?
- WC deprived through attitudes, values,speech codes & intellectual development
- WC place less value on education
- WC norms & values inferior so prevents success
What is what does attitudes and values mean?
- WC values differ from mainstream values of education. This is why WC student fail at school
What 4 features did Sugarman believe in which act as a barrier to education?
- Fatalism: they can’t change status
- Collectivism: belonging to a group> success
- immediate gratification: seeking rewards now rather than wait for greater ones
- present time orientation: present more important than future
What did Sugarman argue about WC & MC opportunities?
- MC occupations give more chance for development & personnel progression
- MC occupations encourage ambition, investment in resources
- WC occupations have fewer opportunities and are less secure in the long term
What two speech codes did Bernstein say there are?
- The restricted code
- The elaborated code
What is the restricted code?
- used by WC & MC
- limited vocab
- simple sentences & grammar
- limited to restricted code
What is the elaborated code?
- used by MC
- wide vocab
- complicated sentences & grammar
What did Bernstein say about the elaborated code?
- used in schools by teachers and textbooks
- middle class pupils and advantage as they use it at home
- good way to develop analytical, and communication skills
What does Feinstein believe is the greatest factor dictating a child’s success?
The parents level of educational success which explains why some WC pupils succeed and some MC don’t
What does Feinstein say having a higher income leads to?
- access to more resources e.g books, toys to stimulate intellectual development
- greater understanding of diet & nutrition
What is a way to tackle cultural deprivation?
Compensatory education
- govt provide extra resources to deprived areas through policies e.g surestart
- through media e.g Sesame Street
What are criticisms of cultural deprivation?
- Victim blaming: blames WC for stuffed, ignoring internal factors
Who are people with criticism towards cultural deprivation?
Blackstone & Mortimore
- reject idea that WC parents take no interest in children’s education
- WC parents don’t attend parents evening because of longer work hours
Keddie
- school should be challenged for anti-working class prejudice
