Ethnic Differences In Attainment Ext Pt.1: Lesson 31 Flashcards
What’s the national average at GCSE?
50.9%
What are the ethnicities closest to the national average at GCSE’s?
- White: 50.2%
- Black: 50%
- Pakistani: 50.5%
- Mixed pupils: 51.3§
What are the ethnicities higher than the national average at GCSE’s?
- Chinese: 69.2%
- Indian: 62%
- Bangladeshi: 55.6%
What are the ethnicities below the national average at GCSE’s?
- Black Caribbean: 44%
- Irish Traveller: 30.7
- Gyspys: 22.7%
Key points on differences between ethnicities at A-level?
- National average 12.9%
- Chinese: 22.5%
- Indian: 15%
- White: 11%
- Pakistani: 7.3%
- Black: 5.1%
- Travellers: well above as they’re are only 7 in sample
What are the 3 external factors which affect attainment by ethnicity?
- Cultural deprivation
- Material deprivation
- Racism in wider society
In what ways are ethnic minorities culturally deprived?
- Language
- Attitudes & values
- Family structure & parental support
How are ethnic minorities culturally deprived by language?
- Bernstein speech codes
- Bereiter & Engelmann: WC black American language is ungrammatical & disjointed so inadequate for educational success
- Baker-Bell: labels their view as anti- black linguistic racism& says white mainstream English dominates society so black speech codes are seen as inferior
How do pupils who’s first language isn’t English preform compared to those who’s first language is?
- Non-English speakers: 47.2%
- English speakers: 46.5%
- Suggests language isn’t as important as suggested & other facets may be important
How are ethnic minorities culturally deprived by attitudes & values?
- Sugarman: pupils socialised into competitiveness, aspiration & deferred gratification which helps them succeed. Ethnic minorities ( specifically black) socialised into fatalistic subcultures with immediate gratification as primary goal
- Platt & Parsonsm interviews 7-14yr old ethnic minorities & found they have higher aspirations than white pupils
What does family structure & parental support mean?
A dysfunctional family structure in the home leads to incorrectly socialised children who don’t value education
How are ethnic minorities culturally deprived by family structure & parental support?
- Moynihan 1965
- Scruton 1986
- Driver 1977
- Sewell 2009
What did Moynihan 1965 say about cultural deprivation through family structure & parental support?
- Many black families are single parent with mother as sole provider
- Children incorrectly socialised as mother fails to provide adequate care & financial support without make breadwinner
- Lack of father figure = lack of role models
- Pupils caught in cycle of incorrect socialisation, failing school & becoming inadequate parent
What did Scruton 1986 say about cultural deprivation through family structure & parental support?
Low achievement from black students is result of failure to assimilate to British culture
What did Driver 1977 say about cultural deprivation through family structure & parental support?
- Firmly disagrees with Moynihan & Scruton that black families are dysfunctional
- Black Caribbean households can & do provide positive role models
- More positive black femme role models which explains why black girls do better than black boys
What did Sewell 2009 say about cultural deprivation through family structure & parental support?
- Difference in attainment is not because of absence of black fathers but lack of tough love & fatherly nurturing
- Black boys find it hard to overcome emotional & behavioural difficulties & turn to street gangs for role models
- Street gangs promote anti- school subcultures which have a powerful influence over black boys
- Many academically successful black boys said peer pressure is their greatest barrier
- Asian students socialised differently in their attitude to education & role models
What did Lupton 2004 say about the socialisation of Asian children?
- Adult authority in families similar to school structure
- Socialises them into behaving in a way that allows them to achieve in education
- Parents more likely to be supportive of school policies which encourages educational attainment
What was McCulloch’s study?
- Interviewed 16,000 pupils 11-16
- 80% of ethnic minorities had aspirations for uni
- 68% of white pupils had aspirations for uni
- Low ambition is a result of lack of parental support
