EQ2- Tectonics Flashcards
1
Q
Japan (developed country) 2011 hazard info
A
- 9.0mag earthquake 100km E coast Sendai (E coast island Honshu [Tohoku])
- only 20,000deaths
- GDP per capita $40,000
2
Q
Japan (developed) 2011 impacts
A
- Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant=severly damaged+released dnagerous lvls radiation- 47,000 evactuated+ still 20km exclusion zones
- before 27% electricity=nuclear after 44nuclear reactors close govt promised reduction 2013-1% so started import more prices electricity increased 20%
- risky energy solutions sought (human wealth can increase risk) by location close coast
3
Q
Japan (developed) 2011 govt factors
A
- responded immediately within 24hrs 110,000 defence troops mobilised
- immediately after all radio+ TV stations switched official earthquake coverage+ what to do
- quickly accepted help from rescue+ recovery teams from 20+ countries
- Bank of Japan offered $183bn to Japanese banks to keep opertaing (protect econ)
4
Q
Japan (developed) 2011 development factors
A
- high amounts tech mobile phones, TV’s+ radios helped govt reach pop
- strict builiding regulations+ low lvl corruption-gd building construction 75% earthquake ‘proof’
- well devloped disaster plans: areas vulnerbale 10m high walls for tsunami, evacuation shleter, marked evacuation routes, many offices+ homes equipped emergency earthquake kits (reduction loss life)
- early warning system detected earthquake 1min in advanve-some warning
- education+preparedness- emergency drills regularly skls+ businesses
5
Q
China (developing) 2008 hazard info
A
-mag 7.9 earthquake struck Sichuan (mountainous region SW)
6
Q
China (developing) 2008 impacts
A
- 45.5m+ in 10provinces+ regions affected
- 5m made homeless
- triggered landslides-1/4 earthquake related deaths
- 5,335 children killed schools fell down
7
Q
China (developing) 2008 govt factors
A
- corrupt govt officials often ignored building codes+ accepted bribes take shortcuts->poorly constructed buildings can’t withstand shaking, skls collapsed killing 5,335 children
- strong central govt able repsond quickly+ effectively->within hrs 130,000 soldiers+ relief workers sent affected areas (hiked+ parachuted)
- medical services quickly restored (avoid outbreaks disease Haiti)
- ppl in danger landslides= safely relocated
- govt pledged $10bn rebuilding+ banks wrote off debts survivors w no insurance
- within 2 weeks temp homes, roads+bridges being built
8
Q
China (developing) 2008 development factors
A
- location=damage concentrated less built up rural areas+ small towns reduced death
- China wealthier than Haiti GDP per capita= $10,000 (lrg country growing econ) money available pay rescue+ aid efforts
9
Q
Haiti (emerging) 2010 hazard info
A
- mag 7 earthquake, shallow focus 13km+ epicentre 24km(close) from Port-au-Prince (capital) [2m]
- located on fault between NA+ Caribbean plates
- liquefaction on looser soil caused many builiding foundation sink
- 300,000 deaths (1 worst recorded!!)
- GDP per capita $1,300
10
Q
Haiti (emerging) 2010 impacts
A
- 300,000 deaths (1 highest recorded)
- much infastructure damaged:
- 1/4 govt officials died+ key govt buildings destroyed so govt less able org recovery+ relief efforts
- only airport, few ports+ roads damaged so crucial aid supplies prevented arriving+ distribution (+slowed down rescue efforts) -outbreak cholera 9,000 died by 2015+ 720,000 affected+ still 2016 lack medical supplies+ trained healthcare workers
11
Q
Haiti (emerging) 2010 govt factors
A
- high lvls corruption, lack resources+ no building code 0% buildings made w earthquakes in mind+ made concrete w/no steel reinforcements-pancake collpase increasing death
- lack distaster preparation no practice drills org+ hospitals unable cope(lack resources), govt officials, police+ emergency services didn’ t know what do
12
Q
Haiti (emerging) 2010 development factors
A
- 80% live below poverty line (before) many squatter settlements+ slums on steep slopes+ dense urban environ Port-au-Prince made difficult rescue teams (+no resources cope) [disease]
- govt heavily in debt focused on that
- facilities: healthcare, water infastructure (only 39%fresh supplies), sanitation(24% access)= insufficient+ underfunded [disease]
13
Q
Vulnerability resilience often correlate w/ development especially econ:
A
=Gives communities+ countries access to resources
-w/ increased income ppl better able ensure own saftey by living ‘safe’ locations+ in ‘hazard-proofed’ properties
14
Q
Also non-econ aspects development significant to vulnerability+ resilience
A
- access education:ppl can be made more aware of risks+ what do in hazard event
- access healthcare: better health, ppl better able withstand health+ food risks resulting from hazard
- housing:poorly built buildings unable withstand shockwaves->serious deaths+ injuries
- governance…
15
Q
Governance can influence resilience+ vulnerability
A
=way country/ city/ community/ co etc run by ppl in control- based authority, decison making+ accountability
- gd governance: recognition+ practice range principles transparency, rule of law, equity, consensus+ participation
- poor governance: corruption-> failing inv properly infastructure might mitigate impacts tectonic hazards+ ill prepared deal emergency after
- HOWEVER not only pol authority other stakeholders (ppl+ org) public+ private role play gd governance observing principles- accountability+ participation responsible decision making
