EQ1- H,HR&I

Question 1

Sharia law

Answer 1

• doesn’t separate Nat govt from religion (secularisation) Muslim beliefs law of Islam= legal system covers wide range topics countries adapt differently
• e.g. theft= amputation R hand, non-Muslim married Muslim woman=death, women can’t speak alone man not husband/relative
• one most intrusive+ strict+ treatment women problems w/ Universal declaration of Human Rights
• some richest- UAE, poorest- Yemen

Question 2

Bolivia’s development strategies

Answer 2

• Evo Morales- socialist model sharing wealth w/ppl (not necessarily=) derived country’s natural resources
• Bolivians lifted out poverty yet remains one poorest Latin America, 1/4 live $2 a day according World Bank
• 2009 new constitution+ 2012 ‘Law of Mother Earth’ putting nature 1st response CC (affecting mining operations main part econ)+ Andean spiritual world
• recent reduction agricultural production, increase rural-urban, pests+diseases+40% no sanitation+ avg temp predicted 4degree increase end century

Question 3

Role of education

Answer 3

• Pivotal role econ development (skilled workforce)
• inv education regarded human capital (econ, pol, cultural+ Soc skills within country)
• increase awarenesses HR, environ conservation, pol freedom, healthy living etc

Question 4

Access education not equal globally UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific+ Cultural Org) does work throughout world everyone access education as fundamental right found:

Answer 4

• inaccessible over 60m primary skl children worldwide
• sub-Saharan Africa (highest number) 32m primary aged children
• gender imbalance- girls= 54% non-skled pop

Question 5

Factors prevent fair access education- GENDER (varied IN countries)

Answer 5

Girls 54% non-skled pop- cultural+ trade give privileged treatment male as workers

Question 6

Factors prevent fair access education- SOCIAL CLASS (IN)

Answer 6

Private skls USA score 3.1pts higher ACT tests on avg as in Aus+US big difference state+ private as lrg annual fees (for elite)- smaller class sizes+ more attention each student

Question 7

Factors prevent fair access education- WEALTH (BETWEEN)

Answer 7

Sweden 7.7% GDP education+ GDP=$538bn, compared Cambodia 1.9% GDP education+ GDP $25bn

Question 8

Factors prevent fair access education- ETHNICITY (IN)

Answer 8

Marginalisation certain ethnic origins e.g. indigenous Canadians

Question 9

Factors prevent fair access education- PHYSICAL+ MENTAL DISABILITY (IN)

Answer 9

Some countries disabled kept together homes+ no education

Question 10

Maternal mortality

Answer 10

Number of deaths of females per 100,00 live births in a year while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy finishing

Question 11

Gross national income (GNI) per capita

Answer 11

Total wealth created by a country including income from exports (-[taxes+debts])

Question 12

GDP per capita (PPP based)

Answer 12

Total value gds+ services country produces in a yr divided no. ppl living country according Purchase Power Parity (considering difference costs living between countries)

Question 13

Development

Answer 13

Change for better usually econ which leads improvements quality life may include industrialisation but disagreements development who’s to say we are more developed own lives + experiences (Eurocentric view)

Question 14

Infant mortality

Answer 14

Number deaths of children under 1 compared total number live births one yr in an area % or out 1,000

Question 15

Variations health+ life exp developing world

Answer 15

• food: pop growth increased pressures food supply-> starvation+ malnutrition
• water: CC, pop growth+ econ development put pressure freshwater supplies-> water insecurity affecting health
• sanitation: Urbanisation due rural-urban migration + increase birth rates-> rapid urban expansion so sanitation systems unable keep up-> slums w/ unhealthy conditions

Question 16

Variations health+ life exp developing world- EXAMPLE

Answer 16

• Congo higher health expenditure %GDP than many other African countries BUT lowest life exp+HDI cos GDP $800 (3rd lowest)
• altho rich natural resources-> conflict w/ neighbours, unstable governance, civil conflict from power struggles-40% 5-14 forced work rather attend skl

Question 17

Developed world variations health+ life exp

Answer 17

• lifestyle: no. factors affect health e.g. diets some countries don’t eat healthy balanced foods-> obese+ increase risk heart disease
• deprived levels: areas due econ change-> may unable afford nourishing diet, get involved crime/ drugs/ unable afford health care
• medical care: health service may not be too universal/ too costly poorer ppl/ ineffective meeting everyone’s needs (cost+ effectiveness)

Question 18

Developed world variations health+ life exp- examples

Answer 18

• Japan life exp 83.7yrs balanced diet under $4,000 health expenditure
• 48% gap male life exp US+EU accounted injuries firearms, drugs+ vehicle accidents
• US low life exp 79.3yrs despite 3rd highest expenditure health $9,403 as not free so poorer no insurance- limited access
• Russia $893 life exp 70.5yrs+ Switzerland highest $9,673 life exp 83yrs