EQ2-Regeneration Flashcards
UK govt play key role in regeneration
-by managing country’s econ, Soc+ environ govt play key role unequal regional growth which doesn’t aid overall development
-spending infrastructure Ldn=£2,595/person/yr compared NE=£5
-regional growth determined infrastructure development+inv as accessibility crucial econ growth
(HS2+ since 1960s inv regional airports e.g. Newcastle, Glasgow+ Manchester)
Infrastructure
- basic physical systems of a place:
- econ infrastructure= highways, water+ sewage facilities+ telecommunications networks
- Soc infrastructure= public housing, hospitals, skls+ unis
CS HS2, UK explain
-high speed link (up to 400km/hr) to connect London+ Birmingham, and then Manchester and Leeds (midlands+ N Eng)
CS HS2, UK benefits
- overcome N-S divide to connect London+SE (econ core) to former industrial cities for regional growth
- cut travel times Ldn-Birmingham 80-49mins
- work on train unlike car cost UK in 2025 £22bn/yr lost time from report w some most congested roads EU
- est 60,000 jobs created (construction etc)
- reduce domestic air travel+ carbon emissions
- rail greater efficiency than road transporting bulk gds gd for business
CS HS2, UK problems
- train passenger traffic highest ever lvl 2002-3->2015 increase 1.65bn passenger journeys w some routes close to capacity
- no intermediate stops in countryside not helping as many as proposed +negatively affecting them as affect AONB (Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty)
- not right inv money? NHS, older pop Soc care+ support, pensions under threat
Impact UK govt deregulation capital markets on potential growth and both direct+ indirect inv
-1986 UK’s financial sector deregulated-> new era prosperity UK’s fin sector
+:transformed econ now banking, finance+ business services=30% GDP compared 15.5% 1986+ London Docklands regeneration created space expanding financial institutions Canary Wharf 2nd largest CBD
-:financial regulation tighter now making harder banks make risky business inv->HSBC threatened leave +foreign buy poverty not live in est 40,000 Ldn properties owned offshore tax havens (Guardian est) ->greater demand housing 2016
Impact UK govt internal migration on potential growth and both direct+ indirect inv
EU free labour movement
+: regenerating areas Corby benefitted many new businesses+ antisocial behaviour 1/2 since 2006, helped balance ageing pop+ most working age increase tax revenues (+support econ in undesirable work cleaners etc) , 2004 +8E EU+ 2 2007 including Poles- now 2nd largest ethnic minority
-: immigration controversial for some, lrg scale immigration since 2004 pop 59m=2001 -> 63m 2011 creating demand new housing (generally settle urban areas where jobs increase pressure resources)
Fracking
Process drilling into earth before high- pressure water mixture directed at rock to release gas inside (CONTROVERSIAL)
Rates+ type development affecting regeneration urban+ rural areas- PERMISSION FOR FRACKING
-relaxing regulations to approve more e.g. 2015 MPs allowed drill underneath protected areas of Nat parks from their boundaries
-70% gas UK has to be imported by 2020 increase domestic production(energy security)
-solution former industrial areas where deprivation e.g. NE Manchester
HOWEVER-size UK reserves unknown est 2012 survey known reserves not even 1yr, costly as unconventional energy source, v noisy, can pollute drinking water w carcinogenic chemicals escaping groundwater (reduce house prices), destroy wildlife, most opposed energy source protests but drilling increase
Rates+ type development affecting regeneration urban+ rural areas- HOUSE BUILDING TARGETS
- targets never met
- shortage 500,000 homes 2016 need 240,000/yr atm (demand) but last 10yrs only 100-150,000
- increase demand houses as high divorce rates, immigration +birth rates (increase pop)
- est 40,000 Ldn properties owned offshore tax havens (Guardian est) ->greater demand housing 2016 (safe inv but not lived in)+ second homes rural many not occupied
Rates+ type development affecting regeneration urban+ rural areas- PLANNING LAWS
- can loss greenfield balance against housing needs+ should restriction lifted AONB
- changed 2020 local consulted more any neighbour can intervene planning permission
- protect greenfield more brownfield (encourage) so more urban over rural-> left behind
- make easier plans 2yrs instead 7
- few restrictions second homes/ holiday or foreign investment
- FRACKING
Rates+ type development affecting regeneration urban+ rural areas- HOUSING AFFORDABILITY
- since 1980s a lot affordable Soc rented housing lost thru Right to Buy scheme (privatisation) leaving shortage properties for low incomes
- nat house shortages (targets not met) driven up house prices in relation earnings e.g. Cornwall (lots second/holiday homes) 12-16x avg income+ demand low-cost Soc housing increase 40% 2010-11 (CORNWALL)
Science park
Area devoted scientific research/ development of tech businesses, gd for an area due inv attracted
(Local authorities compete create attractive business environ for foreign+ domestic investors + workers highly skilled+ paid+ increase rep)
Oxford+ Cambridge science parks
Multiple stakeholders local area+ must be governed local authorities ensure regeneration meets needs local businesses+ takes advantage local talent
Oxford science park
- attracted many start up bioscience+ computer hard+ software CO’s (Manpower, atdbio, Veridium) +over 90 CO’s
- helped councils replace Victorian+ post-war buildings w/ new ones
- attracted new £500m shopping centre for young ppl+ 2nd railway line-Ldn
