Enteric Nervous System Flashcards
What is the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
The enteric nervous system is often called the “second brain” and is a complex network of 200-600 million neurons in the gastrointestinal tract that regulates digestion, including motility, enzyme secretion, and blood flow. It operates autonomously but also communicates with the CNS influencing digestive, immune, and hormonal functions.
What is ENS dysfunction linked to
Various gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease, autism, and ALS.
How does ENS support enzyme and hormone secretion
ENS regulates enzyme and hormone release in response to food, aiding digestion and nutrient absorptio
How does ENS support gut-immune system interaction
ENS interacts with GALT to regulate immune responses, maintaining tolerance to food and microbiota while defending against harmful invaders
What is bidirectional communication in regards to the ENS
The ENS and gastrointestinal microbiota communicate through neurotransmitters, metabolites, and immune signals, forming part of the gut-brain-microbiome axis.
How does ENS support stress and gastro system
Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), raising cortisol and adrenaline, which impair digestion, increase gut permeability, and disrupt the microbiome. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), particularly the vagus nerve, supports “rest and digest” functions by enhancing gut motility, enzyme secretion, and reducing inflammation
Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
SNS: activates fight-or-flight response, inhibiting digestion. PNS: promotes rest-and-digest functions, enhancing gastrointestinal processes, with the vagus nervous playing a key role
Interventions to manage stress and optimize gastro health
Mindfulness-based stress reduction, regular physical activity, proper nutrition, sleep hygiene, social support and connection, acupuncture, adaptogenic herbs
