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Nutrition > CBC & WBC Blood Work > Flashcards

CBC & WBC Blood Work Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body

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2
Q

What is low value of Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

Can indicate anemia which can result from various causes such as an iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic diseases, bone barrow disorders

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3
Q

What is high value of Hemoglobin (Hb)

A

Can indicate conditions such as polycythemia, dehydration, chronic lung disease, or living at high altitudes, where the body produces more red blood cells to compensate for lower oxygen levels, potentially leading to increased blood viscosity and a higher risk of clotting

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4
Q

What is Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

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5
Q

What is low Hematocrit

A

Suggest anemia or a reduced
concentration of red blood cells in the blood, which can result from conditions such as iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, chronic diseases, or blood loss,
leading to diminished oxygen delivery to tissues and symptoms like fatigue and weakness

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6
Q

What is high Hematocrit

A

May indicate dehydration, polycythemia, or other conditions that cause an increased concentration of red blood cells

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7
Q

What is Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

A

RBC count represents the number of red blood
cells in a specific volume of blood

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8
Q

What is low RBC

A

A low red blood cell count indicates anemia, which may result from factors such as nutritional deficiencies (iron, B12, folate), bone marrow
disorders, chronic diseases, or significant blood loss

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9
Q

What is high RBC

A

May indicate conditions such as
polycythemia vera, chronic lung disease, dehydration

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10
Q

What is Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A

MCV measures the average volume of a red blood cell. It helps classify anemias based on the size of red blood cells.

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11
Q

What is low MCV

A

Indicates that red blood
cells are smaller than normal, often suggesting microcytic anemia, which is commonly caused by iron deficiency, chronic disease, or certain genetic conditions like thalassemia.

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12
Q

What is high MCV

A

Indicates that the red
blood cells are larger than normal, which can suggest macrocytic anemia
caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, liver disease, hypothyroidism, or certain medications.

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13
Q

What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

Measures the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell. It provides insights into the amount of hemoglobin in each cell.

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14
Q

What is low MCH

A

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) value indicates that red blood cells have less hemoglobin than normal, often suggesting conditions like iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia

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15
Q

What is high MCH

A

Suggests that red blood cells contain more hemoglobin than normal, which may indicate macrocytic anemia often caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or certain types of liver disease.

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16
Q

What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

A

Measures the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells. It helps assess the density of hemoglobin.

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17
Q

What is low MCHC

A

Suggests hypochromic anemia, where red blood cells have less hemoglobin than normal, often due to iron deficiency or chronic disease, leading to reduced oxygen transport and symptoms like fatigue and pallor.

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18
Q

What is high MCHC

A

Suggests that red blood cells have a higher than normal concentration of
hemoglobin, which may be associated with conditions like hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, or severe dehydration, and could indicate altered red blood cell morphology or increased cell fragility.

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19
Q

What is Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

A

Measures the variation in the size of red blood cells. Elevated RDW may indicate different types of anemia.

20
Q

What is low RDW

A

Typically indicates
uniformity in the size of red blood cells, which is generally not clinically significant but can occur in cases of long-standing anemia or bone marrow suppression where red blood cell production remains consistent.

21
Q

What is high RDW

A

Suggests increased variability in the size of red blood cells, which can indicate conditions such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or mixed types of anemia, reflecting a disruption in normal red blood cell production or maturation.

22
Q

What is platelet count

A

Platelets are crucial for blood clotting

23
Q

What is low platelet count

A

A low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, can indicate a risk of excessive bleeding and may be caused by conditions such as bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, certain medications, or excessive alcohol consumption.

24
Q

What is high platelet count

A

A high platelet count, known as thrombocytosis, may indicate
conditions such as inflammation, infection, iron deficiency, or bone marrow
disorders, and can increase the risk of abnormal blood clotting or bleeding complications.

25
Q

Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)

A

MPV measures the average size of platelets

26
Q

What is low MPV

A

Suggests the presence of
smaller, older platelets in the bloodstream, which may indicate bone marrow disorders, certain inflammatory conditions, or an ongoing response to chronic bleeding or autoimmune diseases

27
Q

What is high MPV

A

Indicates the presence of
larger, younger platelets in the blood, which may suggest active platelet production typically due to conditions such as inflammation, infection, or
bone marrow disorders, and could be associated with an increased risk of clotting disorders.

28
Q

What is White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

A

Represents the number of white blood cells in a specific volume of blood

29
Q

What is low WBC

A

Leukopenia, suggests a weakened immune system and can result from conditions such as bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, severe infections, or the effects of certain medications or treatments like chemotherapy, increasing the risk of infections.

30
Q

What is high WBC

A

Leukocytosis, may indicate an
infection, inflammation, stress, immune system disorder, or more serious conditions like leukemia

31
Q

What are neutrophils

A

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the body’s defense against infections

32
Q

What is low neutrophils

A

Neutropenia, may indicate a
compromised immune system, which can result from conditions such as severe infections, autoimmune diseases, bone marrow disorders, or the side effects of certain medications, making the body more susceptible to
infections.

33
Q

What is high neutrophils

A

Neutrophilia, typically
indicates an acute bacterial infection, inflammation, stress, or trauma, but it
can also be associated with conditions like chronic myelogenous leukemia

34
Q

Lymphocrytes

A

Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune system

35
Q

What is low lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytopenia, may
indicate an underlying condition such as an acute infection, autoimmune
disorder, bone marrow suppression, or the effects of certain medications

36
Q

What is high lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytosis, may indicate
an active infection (especially viral), an autoimmune disorder, or certain types of cancers like lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma

37
Q

What are monocytes

A

Monocytes are white blood cells that help the body
fight off infections

38
Q

What is low monocytes

A

Monocytopenia, may indicate a
weakened immune system and can result from conditions such as bone marrow suppression, certain infections, autoimmune disorders, or the effects
of chemotherapy

39
Q

What is high moncytes

A

Monocytosis, may indicate a
response to chronic inflammation, infection, autoimmune disorders, or
certain blood disorders, suggesting the body’s immune system is actively responding to a prolonged stressor or underlying health condition

40
Q

What are eosinophils

A

Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic
reactions and parasitic infections

41
Q

What are low eosinophils

A

Eosinopenia, is often not
clinically significant but may occur due to acute infections, stress responses, or the use of corticosteroids, reflecting a temporary decrease in this type of white blood cell.

42
Q

What are high eosinophils

A

Eosinophilia, may indicate an allergic reaction, parasitic infection, autoimmune disease, or certain cancers, reflecting an elevated immune response to these conditions.

43
Q

What are basophils

A

Basophils release substances involved in inflammatory and allergic responses.

44
Q

What are low basophils

A

basopenia, is often not clinically
significant on its own but may be associated with acute allergic reactions, hyperthyroidism, or prolonged stress, reflecting a decreased number of basophils in the blood.

45
Q

What are high basophils

A

Basophilia, may indicate an
allergic reaction, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, or certain blood
disorders like chronic myelogenous leukemia, reflecting the body’s response
to these conditions.

46
Q
A

Nutrition (5 decks)

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