Energy continuums

Question 1

Short term responses

Answer 1

> ATP muscle stores deplete after a couple of seconds
The ATP-PC system rises as the main provider
Peak power is attained within the first 5 seconds of exercise
PC stores deplete within 9 seconds
The glycolytic system is the main provider for the next 40 seconds

Question 2

Energy transfer: long duration, low intensity

Answer 2

> The first 30 minutes of moderate-long duration exercise - glycogen stores are used
Stores must be replaced by CHO drinks/gels/bars
After 30 minutes, glycogen stores run out, fatty and amino acids are used
Endurance athletes can utilise FFA’s sooner than untrained people
Trained athletes can store glycogen stores for when intensity increases (glycogen sparing)

Question 3

Long term training effects: thresholds

Answer 3

Long term training causes a delay in training thresholds

> greater capacity for ATP-PC resynthesis
greater lactic acid tolerance
more efficient ATP regeneration (than untrained person)

Question 4

Factors effecting proportions of energy systems

Answer 4

> Level of fitness - there are an enhancement of enzymes and this postpones levels of lactate accumulation
Availability of oxygen and food fuels - a high CHO diet would assist the replenishment of glycogen stores which can be used for glycolysis

Question 5

ATP regeneration: Type 11x fast twitch fibres

Answer 5

> Low aerobic capacity
Fatigue quickly during maximal exercise

Question 6

ATP regeneration: Type 11a fast twitch fibres

Answer 6

> Relatively high aerobic capacity (compared to type 11x)
Supports increased force when needed (running up hills)

Question 7

ATP regeneration: Type 1 slow twitch fibres

Answer 7

> Generate energy for ATP resynthesis, aerobic energy transfer (36ATP)
high concentration of mitochondrial enzymes and capillary density
high resistance to fatigue
allows for prolonged exercise

Question 8

The energy continuum

Answer 8

The relative contributions of all 3 energy systems to ATP resynthesis

Question 9

Energy continuums: ATP-PC

Answer 9

very high intensity, short duration (jumps, throws)

Question 10

Energy continuums: Glycolytic

Answer 10

high intensity, short duration (400m hurdles)

Question 11

Energy continuums: Aerobic

Answer 11

moderate intensity, long duration (marathon)

Question 12

Short duration events: 100m

Answer 12

> Start of energy continuum
Roughly 99% anaerobic and 1% aerobic
Start: explosive and fully anaerobic
ATP muscle stores exhausted after 2 seconds
ATP-PC system is main provider
Glycolytic system is used after peak production of ATP-PC is reached
Aerobic system will start to function
Race is short and primarily anaerobic

Question 13

Middle duration events: 1500m

Answer 13

> Middle of energy continuum
Depends on tactics
Roughly 84% aerobic and 16% anaerobic
ATP-PC system used for first 10 seconds to get in front of the pack
Glycolytic system used in first lap
Aerobic system used when intensity drops
Glycolytic systems used for final lap
ATP-PC system used for sprint finish

Question 14

Long duration events: Marathon

Answer 14

> End of energy continuum
Roughly 99% aerobic and 1% anaerobic
ATP-PC system used for first 10 seconds
Glycolytic system used up to 3 minutes to maintain pace
Aerobic pathway used for drop in intensity
Glycolytic pathway used when intensity increases (burst)
ATP-PC used for sprint finish