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PE - 1 > Acute and chronic injuries > Flashcards

Acute and chronic injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Sports injuries

A

Any kind of injury, pain, or physical damage that occurs as a result of sport, exercise or physical activity

> inevitable
dependant on intensity, preparation, rest/recovery, and competitive opponents

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2
Q

Common symptoms

A

> Immobility
Pain
Swelling
Tenderness
Weakness

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3
Q

Types of injury

A

Acute: happen suddenly in a given moment
Chronic (overuse): develop slowly over a period of time, with sustained symptoms

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4
Q

Acute injuries: symptoms

A

> Sudden severe pain
Loss of function, stability, mobility
Deformity, swelling, bruising
Require immediate first aid treatment

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5
Q

Acute: Fracture - definition

A

A crack or break to a bone (can be partial or complete)

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6
Q

Acute: Fracture - cause

A

Excessive eternal forces

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7
Q

Acute: Fracture - types

A

Simple - bone remains in the skin
Compound - penetrate the skin, creating an open wound

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8
Q

Acute: Fracture - sporting examples

A

strong tackles, landing awkwardly

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9
Q

Acute: Dislocation - definition

A

When the bones at a joint are separated and the joint can no longer function

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10
Q

Acute: Disclocation - cause

A

Caused by a violent action/excessive force

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11
Q

Acute: Dislocation - sporting examples

A

Awkward tackle in rugby
Lifting heavy weight

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12
Q

Acute: Soft tissue damage - definition

A

When muscles, ligaments, or tendons are damaged

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13
Q

Acute: Soft tissue damage - examples

A

> Sprains
Stains
Bruises
Concessions
Tears
Cuts
Ruptures
Abrasion

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14
Q

Acute: Sprains - definition

A

Stretching or tearing a ligament

(commonly ACL)

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15
Q

Acute: Sprains - cause

A

Over-extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion

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16
Q

Acute: Sprains - sporting examples

A

Tackles, awkward landings

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17
Q

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - definition

A

When the cruciate ligament is stretched or torn (grades depending on severity)

18
Q

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - cause

A

Sudden movement of a joint

19
Q

Acute: Cruciate ligament injury - sporting examples

A

> Turning quickly in rugby
Tackles
Most common in knee (ACL/PCL)

20
Q

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - definition

A

When the achilles tendon is torn or ruptured (complete tear)

21
Q

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - cause

A

Forceful and sudden stress on the tendon

22
Q

Acute: Achilles tendon injury - sporting examples

A

> Sprint start, sudden muscle use
Wearing wrong footwear
Lack of warmup
Happens progressively with age

23
Q

Acute: Concussion - definition

A

Traumatic head injury that affects brain function

24
Q

Acute: Concussion - cause

A

forceful blow to the head

25
Q

Acute: Concussion - sporting examples

A

Contact sports, rugby, boxing

26
Q

Chronic injuries:

A

> Start with mild symptoms, athlete can ignore and continue
Gradual increase of pain and inflammation
Due to continued overuse

27
Q

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer’s elbow) - definition

A

Inflammation or a tear of tendons

28
Q

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer’s elbow) - cause

A

Overuse of tendon from repetitive movements

29
Q

Chronic: Tendonitis (Tennis/golfer’s elbow) - sporty examples

A

Tennis, golf. badminton faulty technique

30
Q

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - definition

A

Pain and inflammation of the shin bone and periosteum (layer of connective tissue surrounding bone - supplies blood and cells for growth and repair)

31
Q

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - cause

A

Repeated stress on the tibia

32
Q

Chronic: Shin splints (periostitis) - sporting examples

A

Overuse, repeated weight bearing, running

33
Q

Chronic: Stress fracture - definition

A

Fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress

34
Q

Chronic: Stress fracture - cause

A

Overuse from weight bearing activities

35
Q

Chronic: Stress fracture - sporting examples

A

> Overload theory - repeated contractions lead to load being transferred to the skeleton
Runners

36
Q

Strain - definition

A

Damage to muscle fibres or tendons such as a tear

37
Q

Strain - cause

A

Impact trauma or overloading a muscle

38
Q

Acute strain - cause

A

> Poor body mechanics
Heavy lifting
One event

39
Q

Chronic strain - cause

A

> Stressing a muscle
Repeated movement

40
Q

Strain - sporting examples

A

100m sprint, lifting too much weight

PE - 1 (42 decks)

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