endocrine labs & dx (405)

Question 1

the master gland is

Answer 1

the pituitary gland

Question 2

the anterior pituitary gland secretes

Answer 2

TSH & ACTH

Question 3

the posterior pituitary gland secretes

Answer 3

ADH & oxytocin

Question 4

the hypothalamus secretes

Answer 4

CRF

Question 5

ADH is the regulator of

Answer 5

pure water
no electrolytes will be found within this water

Question 6

ADH regulation

Answer 6

inc plasma osmolality -> ADH release from posterior pituitary -> reabsorption of H2O in kidney tubules -> inc plasma volume & dec plasma osmolality -> ADH inhibited by normal osmolality

Question 7

parathyroid regulates

Answer 7

calcium and phosphorous

Question 8

the thyroid is regulated by

Answer 8

TSH

Question 9

the thyroid secretes

Answer 9

T4, T3 and calcitonin

Question 10

water deprivation test

Answer 10

-used to differentiate causes of DI (neurogenic or nephrogenic vs psychogenic polydipsia)
-ADH is administered and we monitor output/specific gravity & serum osmolality every hour or 2hrs during the test

Question 11

aldosterone regulates and what does this regulation cause

Answer 11

Na+
inc Aldosterone -> inc Na+ retention, inc water retention & inc BP

Question 12

when assess hyperaldosteronism, what must the pt do

Answer 12

maintain assigned position for 2 hours (supine vs upright)

Question 13

cortisol assessment evaluates

Answer 13

status of adrenal cortex function
take 24 urine cortisol

Question 14

what is serum cortisol affect by

Answer 14

diurnal variation & stress
ex: cortisol will be higher in the AM

Question 15

ACTH testing evaluates

Answer 15

adrenal function

Question 16

what is the most sensitive test used to evaluate thyroid dysfunction

Answer 16

blood TSH

Question 17

T3&T4 can be used to evaluate

Answer 17

thyroid function and monitoring thyroid therapy

Question 18

thyroid scan

Answer 18

-used to evaluate nodules
-radioactive isotopes given PO or IV
-warm spot = benign nodules
-cold spot = malignant tumors
-encourage fluids after

Question 19

if a malignant tumor is found during a thyroid scan, what is the next step

Answer 19

tumor biopsy to confirm diagnosis

Question 20

radioactive iodine uptake

Answer 20

-provides direct measure of thyroid activity
-evaluates function of nodules
-radioactive iodine given PO or IV
-uptake measured at several intervals for 24hrs
-values expressed in %

Question 21

normal FBG & CBG

Answer 21

<126 ; <200

Question 22

A1c

Answer 22

normal: 4-6%
preDM: 6.1-6.4%
DM: 6.5% or greater
DM target: 7%

Question 23

high ketones are associated w/

Answer 23

hyperglycemia

Question 24

what ketone level is considered a medical emergency (DKA)

Answer 24

> 300