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Ashland > 325 Patho drugs mod 7 (E4) > Flashcards

325 Patho drugs mod 7 (E4) Flashcards

1
Q

class: adsorbents

A

bismuth subsalicylate

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2
Q

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

A

-coats the walls of the GI tract
-bind the causative agent for elimination
(activated charcoal)

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3
Q

bismuth subsalicylate SE

A

(in large amounts)
-increased bleeding time
-constipation
-dark stools and darkening of tongue

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4
Q

class: anti motility

A

loperamide & diphenoxylate

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5
Q

loperamide & diphenoxylate MOA

A

slows peristalsis by reducing rhythmic contractions & smooth muscle tone of the GI and also has a drying effect

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6
Q

loperamide & diphenoxylate SE

A

-urinary retention
-headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
-bradycardia, hypotension
-dry skin
-flushing

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7
Q

what if added to diphenoxylate makes it no longer be able to be sold over the counter

A

atropine (causes all the SE)

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8
Q

class: probiotics

A

-lactobacillius organism (bacid, culturelle)
-saccharomyces boulardii (florastor)

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9
Q

probiotic MOA

A

replenish bacteria and restore normal flora

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10
Q

lactobacillius organism

A

bacteria that make up the majority of normal flora of the gut

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11
Q

saccharomyces boulardii

A

C.Diff for treatment by replenishing bacteria & restoring normal flora (need supplement)

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12
Q

class: bulk forming laxatives

A

psyllium

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13
Q

psyllium MOA

A

-act similar to dietary fiber
-absorb water into the intestine, increasing bulk
-distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

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14
Q

psyllium SE

A

-impaction above strictures
-fluid/lyte imbalance (less likely than others)
-gas formation
-esophageal blockage

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15
Q

class: emollient

A

docusate sodium & mineral oil
for impaction, both prevent water from moving out of intestines

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16
Q

docusate sodium MOA

A

lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass

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17
Q

docusate sodium uses

A

prevent opioid induced constipation

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18
Q

docusate sodium route

A

PO

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19
Q

mineral oil MOA

A

lubricate intestines

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20
Q

mineral oil uses

A

fecal impactions

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21
Q

mineral oil route

A

PO or PR

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22
Q

docusate sodium & mineral oil SE

A

-skin rashes
-decreased absorption of vitamins

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23
Q

class: hyperosmotic

A

-glycerin
-lactulose
-polyethylene glycol

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24
Q

glycerin use

A

mild & seen in children

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25
Q

lactulose use

A

liver disease & hepatic encephalopathy
digested in large intestine creating a hyper-osmotic environment which draws water into the colon + reduces blood ammonia levels

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26
Q

polyethylene glycol use

A

giver before diagnostic surgical bowel procedures bowel prep for col

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27
Q

glycerin, lactulose
& polyethylene glycol MOA

A

-increasing water content in feces
-promotes distention, peristalsis & evacuation

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28
Q

glycerin, lactulose
& polyethylene glycol SE

A

-abdominal bloating
-rectal irritation
-electrolyte imbalance

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29
Q

class: saline

A

-magnesium salts
-sodium salts

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30
Q

saline MOA

A

increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

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31
Q

saline SE

A

-mag toxicity
-lyte imbalance
-cramping, diarrhea

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32
Q

class: stimulants

A

-bisacodyl
-senna
most likely to cause dependence

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33
Q

stimulants use

A

constipation or whole bowel evacuation

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34
Q

stimulants SE

A

-nutrition malabsorption
-gastric irritation
-lyte imbalance

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35
Q

antihistamines

A

suppress histamine mediator activity

36
Q

immunosuppressants (including corticosteroids)

A

-suppress cell mediated immunity
-anti inflammatory

37
Q

epinephrine

A

halts mediator activity (turns off mast cells)
-mimics SNS
-works on alpha (arteries) & betas (<3, lungs, arteries & skeletal muscles)

38
Q

class: vasopressors, bronchodilator, anti asthmatic, vasoconstrictor

A

epinephrine

39
Q

epinephrine indication

A

severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack

40
Q

epinephrine SE

A

CV: angina, arrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia
CNS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor

41
Q

what is epinephrine dosage based on

A

wt based

42
Q

epinephrine nursing considerations

A

-monitor vitals
-overdose is fatal, have co worker check
-teach to use exactly as directed

43
Q

trimethoprim

A

-1st line for lower UTIs
-do not give w/ sulfa allergies

44
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

given for lower UTIs if sulfa allergies are present

45
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

for recurring lower UTIs

46
Q

phenazopyridine MOA

A

local analgesic action (used for pain relief r/t UTI)

47
Q

phenazopyridine SE

A

reddish/orange urine (dye used in paint)

48
Q

class: antispasmotic

A

mirabengron

49
Q

mirabengron MOA

A

selectively stimulates beta-3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle

50
Q

mirabengron SE

A

-HTN
-Urinary retention
-UTI
-Headache

51
Q

class: anti cholinergic

A

oxybutynin

52
Q

oxybutynin MOA

A

block the action of acetylcholine (acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions) can be extended release

53
Q

oxybutynin indications

A

overactive bladder, incontinence

54
Q

oxybutynin SE

A

-dry mouth
-constipation

55
Q

class: serotonin re uptake inhibitor (SSRI)

A

fluoxetine

56
Q

fluoxetine MOA

A

-inhibitors of serotonin at nerve endings
-more serotonin is available at the nerve endings

57
Q

fluoxetine SE

A

-wt gain
-GI & dry mouth
-CNS: headache, nervousness, insomnia
-sexual dysfunction
-serotonin syndrome (serotonin overall)
-withdraw if not weaned
-suicide risk
-neonatal effect (small risk of pulmo HTN)

58
Q

fluoxetine advantages

A

-less severe & fewer side effects
-few drug-drug/drug-food

59
Q

fluoxetine nursing consideration

A

avoid use w/ MAO inhibitors

60
Q

class: serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

A

venlafazine

61
Q

venlafazine MOA

A

blocks neuronal activity of serotonin and norepinephrine (more serotonin in synaps)

62
Q

venlafazine SE

A

nausea, headache, anorexia, insomnia, somnolence, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal syndrome, sweating, blurred vision, increased LFTs

63
Q

venlafazine nursing considerations

A

do not use with MAO inhibitors

64
Q

class: tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitryptaline

65
Q

amitryptaline MOA

A

blocks reuptake of 2 momoamine transmitters, norepinephrine & serotonin, making more available in the synapse

66
Q

anticholinergic effects

A

“hot as a hare”
“dry as a bone”
“blind as a bat”
“red as a beet”
“mad as a hatter”

67
Q

amitryptaline SE

A

-sedation
-orthhostatic hypotension
-sexual dysfunction
-cardiac toxicity
-anticholinergic effects

68
Q

amitryptaline nursing consideration

A

interaction with MAO
HTN crisis

69
Q

class: monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

phenelzine

70
Q

phenelzine MOA

A

inhibits MAO enzyme found in the liver, intestinal wall and terminals of neurons (MAO convertd norepi, 5-HT, and dopamine to inactive product soooo decreased MAO increases availability of neurotransmitters at the nerve ending)

71
Q

phenelzine SE

A

-food/drug interactions (charcuterie board + red wine)
-CNS stimulation
-ortho hypo
-can lead to rapid increases in BP, stroke, coma, sweating, tremors
-drug/drug interaction

72
Q

class: atypical antidepressants

A

ketamine & trazadone

73
Q

ketamine

A

-low dose nasal
-pain mgt
-rapidly help w/ suicidality & other serious symptoms

74
Q

ketamine SE

A

-perceptual disturbances
-dissociation

75
Q

trazadone

A

-2nd line agent
-blockage of 5-HT reuptake
-minimal effectiveness in depression
-often used to help w/ anxiety or insomnia

76
Q

class: benzodiazepines

A

lams & pams
-alprazolam
-diazepam
-lorazepam

77
Q

lam & pam MOA

A

enhance inhibitory effects of GABA in CNS (**increasing GABAs relaxing effect, we inhibit anxiety w/ gaba)

78
Q

lam & pam indications

A

generalized anxiety disorder & panic disorders

79
Q

lam & pam SE

A

-CNS depresssion, LOC decreased
-w/drawal
-memory loss
-respiratory depression

80
Q

lam & pam nursing considerations

A

-teratogneic, do not take pregnant
-avoid grapefruit
-schedule 4, mod risk for abuse
-do not mix w/ other meds that decrease LOC (alc, benny, opioids)

81
Q

benzo antidote

A

flumazenil

82
Q

class: medication assisted treatment opioids

A

methadone

83
Q

methadone SE

A

-lightheaded
-hives
-chest pain
-tachycardia
-hallucinations
-confusion

84
Q

methadone nursing considerations

A

it to help people who are addicted to opioids but people can become addicted but at a lesser level (get at a clinic)

85
Q

buprenorphine

A

partial opioid agonist

86
Q

naloxone

A

opioid antagonist, blocks opioid receptor

87
Q

buprenorphine & naloxone SE

A

-headache
-opioid w/drawal symptoms
-anxiety
-insomnia
-sweating
-depression
-constipation
-nausea

Ashland (157 decks)

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