Abx pharm pt.1 - Exam 1A Flashcards by Stef Sis

MOA of all “cillins”

disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall

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penicillin indications

Gonorrhea, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

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penicillin SE

Utricaria (rash)
Pruritis (itching)
Angioedema

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penicillin nursing considerations

Rash very common in kid

Person might not have true allergy but rashes can indicate anaphylaxis

Interact w/ NSAIDS, Oral Contraceptives & Warfarin

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what class are PCN G & PCN V

natural penicillins

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indications for PCN G & V

Gonorrhea, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

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PCN G & V SE

rash

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PCN G & V nursing considerations

Works on gram +&-, anaerobic, and spirochetes

½ life 30 mins expect w/ kidney dysfunction

Least toxic

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what class is nafcillin

Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins

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nafcillin indications

Gonorrhea, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis, staph infection

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nafcillin SE

rash

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nafcillin nursing considerations

IV only

Resist breakdown by the penicillanse enzyme that is commonly seen in a staph infection

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what class are amoxicillin and ampicillin

aminopenicillins

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amoxicillin and ampicillin indications

Gonorrhea, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

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ampicillin SE

diarrhea & rash

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ampicillin nursing considerations

renal sensitive

using less d/t drug resistance but 1st broad spectrum drug

usually given with a beta lactum abx (Unasyn)

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amoxicillin nursing considerations

less SE & only PO

works better on against gram - then other penicillins

commonly for for ears, nose, throat, genitourinary & skin infections

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what class is piperacillin

Extended Spectrum Penicillins

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piperacillin indications

Gonorrhea, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

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piperacillin SE

rash
hard on kidney’s bc it is a board spectrum abx
affects platelet function

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piperacillin nursing considerations

Always given with a beta lactamase inhibitor (Zosyn)

Very good for pseudomonal infections (get through water & causes res distress, HA, pus fill sacs on skin, disorientation)

Broadest spectrum (pull peak & trough)

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what class is cephalosporin

cephalosporins

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cephalosporins (general & all the generations) MOA

Disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall (active autolysis)

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cephalosporin indications

STDs, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

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cephalosporin SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps **Rash** Pruritis Redness edema

cephalosporin nursing considerations

safe for pregnancy (category B) poor oral absorption low toxicity avoid if PCN anaphylaxis

if you have anaphylaxis to PCN, what other drug class should be avoided

cephalosporins

what class are Cefazolin and Cephalexin

1st generation cephalosporins

Cefazolin and Cephalexin indications

staph (skin infections) non enterococcal strep infections UTIs

Cefazolin and Cephalexin SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps Rash Pruritis Redness edema

Cefazolin and Cephalexin nursing considerations

Cefazolin is IV only Cefazolin is common for surgical prophylaxis Works well for gram + **Do not work for CNS infections**

what class are Cefuroxime & Cefotetan

2nd generation cephalosporins

Cefuroxime & Cefotetan indications

STDs, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, Cefotetan for abdominal infection

Cefuroxime & Cefotetan SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps Rash Pruritis Redness edema

Cefuroxime & Cefotetan nursing considerations

Better for gram – but works for both Cefuroxime does not kill anerobic bacteria **Do not work for CNS infections**

what class are Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine and Cefotaxine

3rd generation cephalosporins

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine and Cefotaxine indications

STDs, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine and Cefotaxine SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps Rash Pruritis Redness edema

Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidine and Cefotaxine nursing considerations

most potent against gram - only given IV/IM

Ceftriaxone nursing considerations

extremely long acting (1x/d) **can cross blood brain barrier** **do not give to paitents w/ liver failue**

ceftazidime nursing considerations

works well for pseudomonas

what class is Cefepime

4th generation cephalosporins

Cefepime indications

STDs, peritonitis, UTI, pneumonia & resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

Cefepime SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps Rash Pruritis Redness edema

Cefepime nursing considerations

Works against gram - & + (very board spectrum, expect to be hard on kidneys) Able to cross BBB

what class is Ceftaroline

5th generation cephalosporins

Ceftaroline indications + what does it not treat

Treats MRSA, MSSA & some VRSA/VISA (**does not treat: pseudomonas, EBL, klebsiella**) + the normal sporins stuff

Ceftaroline SE

Mild diarrhea Abdominal cramps Rash Pruritis Redness edema

Ceftaroline nursing considerations

“newest, biggest, badded abx” Needs to be renally dosed, monitor kidney IV only

what class are imipenemi/cilastin and meropenem

carbapenems

carbapenems MOA

Disrupt the synthesis of the cell wall

imipenemi/cilastin indication

Broadest spectrum so last resort med

imipenemi/cilastin SE

Seizures **esp when given w/ other drugs that can cause seizures**

imipenemi/cilastin nursing considerations

IV & infused over 60 mins **Penetrates BBB & meninges** gram + and -

meropenem indications

Very broad spectrum so last resort med

meropenem SE

Seizures (less than imipenem) Rash Diarrhea

meropenem nursing considerations

IV & infused over 60 mins Doesn’t degrade in kidneys gram + and -

carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is resistant to what drug class

carbopenems

what class is vancomycin

Glycopeptide antibiotic

vancomycin indications

Gram + infections MRSA PCN resistant pneumococcus C.diff & p. colitis (needs to be given orally)

vancomycin toxic SE

-ototoxicity w/ high levels (can be reserved) -immune mediated thrombocytopenia -nephrotoxic

vancomycin nursing considerations

**Doesn’t cross BBB** **draw peak & troughs** Hard on kidneys, decrease dose for renal dysfunction (mostly when given IV) **Monitor platelets** Risky for patients w/ paralysis

vancomycin MOA

Destroys bacteria by binding to bacterial cell wall, producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death (not by autolysis)

vancomycin non toxic SE

Redman syndrome

what drugs are usually given with a beta lactam abx

penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams