406 exam 1 last min review

Question 1

serum CO2 is also a measure of what

Answer 1

HCO3

Question 2

arterial BG: pH

Answer 2

7.35

Question 3

arterial BG: PaCO2

Answer 3

the partial pressure of CO2 in artery
35-45

Question 4

arterial BG: HCO3

Answer 4

calculated value
24-29

Question 5

venous BG: pH

Answer 5

7.31-7.41

Question 6

arterial BG: PvCO2

Answer 6

the partial pressure of CO2 in vein
41-51

Question 7

BMP: serum CO2

Answer 7

= HCO3 level
24-29

Question 8

strong acids

Answer 8

dissociate completely in solution

Question 9

weak acids

Answer 9

dissociate partially

Question 10

hydrogen is important bc

Answer 10

-maintains cell membranes
-helps w/ enzyme activity
-H2O
-helps in energy production

Question 11

where is the most acidic place in the body

Answer 11

the stomach d/t the presents of HCl

Question 12

how does the body keep HCl in the stomach and why can it withstand it

Answer 12

-LES prevents the movement of gastric acid into the esophagus
-duodenum has defense mechanisms like mucus production to neutralize the acid

Question 13

bone pH

Answer 13

7.4

Question 14

liver pH

Answer 14

7.2

Question 15

pleural fluid pH

Answer 15

7.6

Question 16

skeletal muscle pH

Answer 16

6.9-7.2

Question 17

acid base balance can affect what electrolytes

Answer 17

Na+, K+, Cl-

Question 18

what can acid base balance affect

Answer 18

-lytes
-hormones
-oxygen transport and delivery

Question 19

end diastolic volume

Answer 19

volume of blood at the end of relaxation

Question 20

end systolic volume

Answer 20

residual volume of blood remaining the ventricle after ejection

Question 21

SV equation

Answer 21

SV = EDV - ESV

Question 22

frank starling law

Answer 22

an increase in resting muscle fiber length results in great muscle tension
-the heart has the ability to change its force of contraction in response to changes in venous return

Question 23

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 23

a force that attempts to push fluid out of the capillary pores and into the interstitial & intracellular spaces
pushing pressure

Question 24

oncotic pressure

Answer 24

a force that attempts to pull fluid from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the capillary
pulling pressure

Question 25

an increase in afterload will lead to

Answer 25

a decrease in stroke volume unless the heart compensates

Question 26

a lower preload leads to

Answer 26

a decrease in stroke volume

Question 27

forward effects of LVF initiate what systems

Answer 27

RAAS (low BP stims), ADH (diminished perfusion stims the posterior pituitary to release), and SNS (baroreceptors stim)

Question 28

beck triad

Answer 28

-hypotension
-jugular vein distention
-muffled heart sounds