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Ashland > Abx pharm pt.2 - Exam 1A > Flashcards

Abx pharm pt.2 - Exam 1A Flashcards

1
Q

what class are Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycosides

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2
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis

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3
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin indications

A

UTI/pyelonephritis, gynecological infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, PNA, osteomyelitis (DM related infections)
COMPLICATED INFECTIONS

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4
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin SE

A

Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
Ototoxicity (nonreversible)

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5
Q

Gentamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin nursing consideratiosn

A

Peak & troughs level drawn

Dose by renal function

Often used with beta-lactam abx or vancomycin

works well on gram -

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6
Q

Gentamycin SE

A

confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, & tingling (CNS)
cochlear damage

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7
Q

Gentamycin nursing considerations

A

Try to not give w/ a neuromuscular blockage (paralytic) d/t resp distress (myasthenia gravis)

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8
Q

what class is clindamycin

A

lincosamides

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9
Q

clindamycin indication

A

Chronic bone infections, GU infections, intraabdominal infections, anaerobic pneumonia, septicemia, serious skin infections, prophylaxis for endocarditis

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10
Q

clindamycin SE

A

Very toxic

Can cause deadly pseudomembranous colitis (complication of diarrhea causing bloody stools, GI distress, and diarrhea -> c.diff)

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11
Q

clindamycin nursing considerations

A

All Enterobacter bacteria (VRE, CRE) are resistant to clindamycin

Monitor for neuromuscular blockade meds

Peak & trough levels

if pt develops c.diff, get off med

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12
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis

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13
Q

what class are Erythromycin and Azithromycin (Z-pack)

A

macrolides

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14
Q

macrolides MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
(bacteriostatic)

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15
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin indications

A

Various infections of upper and lower respiratory infections, skin infections, soft tissue infections, STIs (esp gonorrhea)

Legionnaire’s, listeria, mycoplasma pneumonia

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16
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin SE

A

“yuck drugs” GI side effect profile is intense

Z-pack has less GI upset

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17
Q

Erythromycin and Azithromycin nursing considerations

A

Erythromycin has hypomotility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis & increased gastric motility and emptying

Does not cross BBB

Do not take erythromycin on empty stomach but
Take Z-pack on empty stomach bc food decreases absorption

Lots of drug-drug interactions

Z-pack lasts longer

18
Q

what class are Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline

A

Tetreacyclines

19
Q

Tetreacyclines MOA

A

Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

20
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline indications

A

Rickettsia, chlamydia (doxy) & trichomonas, lyme disease, cholera, pelvic inflammatory disease, mycoplasma pneumonia, acne (doxy & extended release mino), neisseria meningitides (mino), rheumatoid arthritis (mino)

21
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline SE

A

Discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel
Hypoplasia in fetuses & children
Photosensitivity
Diarrhea
Yeast infections
Thrombocytopenia

22
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline and Minocycline nursing considerations

A

Contraindications: pregnant/nursing, children younger than 8 yrs d/t damage to teeth

Take tetracycline while fasting (only PO)

23
Q

tetracycline SE

A

-N/V
-headaches
-dizziness
-angioedema

24
Q

what class are Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

25
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA

26
Q

Ciprofloxacin indications

A

UTI & STIs (not first choice), upper & lower respiratory infections and bacillus anthraics aka anthrax

27
Q

Levofloxacin indications

A

pneumococcal & atypical respiratory infections

28
Q

Ciprofloxacin SE

A

Arthropathy (joint disease -> non reversible)

29
Q

Ciprofloxacin nursing considerations

A

minimal penetration of the BBB/CSF

works well on rapid & slow growing bacteria

avoid in pts <18 yr & >60yr

used less than Levofloxacin

broad spectrum but mostly gram -

concentrates in the neutrophils

30
Q

Levofloxacin SE

A

CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QY interval, photosensitivity

31
Q

Levofloxacin nursing considerations

A

broad spectrum but mostly gram -

100% bioavailability when taken orally

32
Q

what class is Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim)

A

Sulfonamides

33
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Doesn’t actually destroy bacteria but inhibits their growth (bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis)

34
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) SE

A

“sulfa allergies” -> start w/ fever and then follows with a skin rash
photosensitivity

35
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) indications

A

Uncomplicated UTIs (1st choice drug), respiratory infections, salmonella, shigellosis

36
Q

Sulfamethoxale + Trimethoprim (Bactrim) nursing considerations

A

Often give to patients w/ HIV

37
Q

what class is Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Metronidazoles

38
Q

Metronidazoles MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

39
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) indications

A

H.pylori, trichomoniasis, bactria vaginosis, intraabdominal infections, Crohn’s disease and C.diff

40
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) SE

A

N/v
Xerostomia
Vaginal candidiasis

41
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl) nursing considerations

A

Works against antibacterial and antiprotozoal

Only anerobic bacteria

Do not take with alcohol (cannot drink 24 hrs before starting and wait at least 36 hrs after last dose)

Ashland (110 decks)

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