Endocrine: DM Medications, Classes & Mechanisms

Question 1

Lispro Class (humalog)

Answer 1

rapid acting insulin

Question 2

Aspart Class (NovoLog)

Answer 2

rapid acting insulin

Question 3

Glulisine Class (Apidra)

Answer 3

rapid acting insulin

Question 4

Inhaled Regular Insulin Class (Afrezza)

Answer 4

rapid acting insulin

Question 5

Regular Insulin Class (Novolin R, Humilin R)

Answer 5

Short Acting Insulin

Question 6

NPH Insulin Class (Humulin N, Novolin N)

Answer 6

Intermediate Actin Insulin

Question 7

Glargine class (lantus)

Answer 7

long acting insulin

Question 8

detemir class (levemir)

Answer 8

long acting insulin

Question 9

degludec class (tresiba)

Answer 9

long acting insulin

Question 10

Glucagon drug class

Answer 10

insulin antagonist

Question 11

diazoxide drug class

Answer 11

insulin antagonist

Question 12

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists…

Answer 12

“tides”

Exenatide (Bayetta)
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Semaglutide (Rybelsus)

Question 13

What class?

“gliptins”

Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)

Answer 13

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Question 14

What class?

“glitazones”

pioglitazone (actos)
rosiglitazone (avandia)

Answer 14

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Question 15

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors…

Answer 15

Acarbose (precose)

miglitol (glyset)

Question 16

3 Sulfonylureas

Answer 16

glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride

Question 17

Meglitinides/GLN…

Answer 17

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Question 18

Bile acid resin…

Answer 18

colesevelam (WelChol)

Question 19

DA agonist…

Answer 19

bromocriptine (cycloset)

Question 20

Amylin-like peptides…

Answer 20

pramlintide (symlin)

Question 21

What drug has the following mechanism?

↑ Blood Glucose via hepatic glycogen mobilization (if available)

Regulates glucose, AAs, FFA

Answer 21

Glucagon

Question 22

Diazoxide Mechanism:

Answer 22

Direct Inhibition of Insulin Secretion

Also: ↓ peripheral glucose utilization┃↑ hepatic glucose production

Question 23

Mechanism:

↓ Glucose independent of insulin (only reduces A1c by 0.5-1%)

Answer 23

metformin

Question 24

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists MoA

Exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide

Answer 24

↑ Insulin Release (beta cells)

↓ Glucagon Release, ↓ hepatic gluconeogenesis (alpha cells)

Question 25

Mechanism: ↑ insulin release

Inhibition of DPP-4 → ↑ Action of incretins (GLP-1, GIP) via inhibition of breakdown

Answer 25

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Sitagliptin, Linagliptin

Question 26

Mechanism: Inhibits Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 in the Kidney

Answer 26

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 27

TZDs MoA

pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Answer 27

Mimics insulin signaling without requiring insulin

Increases GLUT4 in Adipose, Decrease Hepatic Glucose Production

Question 28

Mechanism:

Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidases → delayed CHO digestion & absorption

↑ Bacterial CHO Fermentation → Gas

Answer 28

Alpha-Glucoside Inhibitors

Acarbose, Miglitol

Question 29

↑ Insulin Release

Mechanism: Bind/Block ATP Sensitive K+ channel → depolarization → ↑ Ca2+ influx in Beta Cells → ↑ Insulin Release

Answer 29

Sulfonylureas:
Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride

Meglitinides/GLN:
Repaglinide

Question 30

Mechanism:

↑ Hypothalamic DA levels → Inhibits excessive SNS tone in CNS → ↓ hepatic glucose production → ↓ post-meal blood glucose

Answer 30

DA Agonist

Bromocriptine

Question 31

Mechanism:

Works w. Insulin to regulate postprandial glucose

↓ Gastric Emptying, postprandial glucose secretion, caloric intake via central modulation of appetite

Answer 31

Amylin-like peptide

pramlintide