Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > CV & Renal: HTN > Flashcards

CV & Renal: HTN Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four classes of drugs used in treating HTN?

A

Diuretics, vasodilators, SNS drugs, RAAS Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compelling indications for which HTN drug?

> 65 yo
Black
Stroke prophylaxis
Osteoporosis

A

diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compelling indications for which HTN drug?

> 65 yo
stroke prophylaxis
CKD
T2DM
Asthma
A

ACE/ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compelling indications for which HTN drug?

> 65 yo
Black
Angina
T2DM
Asthma
Migraines
A

CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HTN drugs useful in pregnancy…

A

labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine (L, M, N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compelling indications for which HTN drug?

BPH

A

alpha blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compelling indications for HTN tx with Migraines

Angina

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which drug class is avoided in Asthma?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which HTN drugs are avoided in patients over 65?

A

central alpha agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which HTN drugs are avoided in black patients?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which HTN drugs are avoided in pregnancy?

A

ACE/ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which HTN drugs are avoided in angina patients?

A

hydralazine, minoxidil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This HTN drug class works directly on the heart.

A

propranolol and other beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The following drugs exert effects on what tissue type?

ARBs, Alpha Blockers, Vasodilators, CCBs, fenoldopam

A

Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the dose of thiazides for HTN vs diuresis

A

lower in HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which diuretics are DOC for HTN?

A

thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the short term mechanism for treating HTN with thiazides?

A

↓ Na+, blood volume, CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The below describes the long term mechanism for treating HTN with which drug?

↓ Na+ in smooth muscle, K+ activation, ↓ muscle sensitivity to vasopressors, ↓ peripheral resistance

A

thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This drug has the following indications:

Mild to moderate HTN, esp. in black patients

Monotherapy ↓ BP 40-60% of pts by 10-15 mmHg

Combo: ↑ efficacy of other drugs

Direct Vasodilation

A

indapamide (thiazide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wha can be done to reduce the adverse effects of thiazide diuretics w/ HTN

A

lower dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When can loop diuretics be considered in HTN?

A

severe cases

22
Q

When should potassium sparing diuretics be considered in HTN treatment?

A

combo w/ thiazide

23
Q

The following are common adverse effects to what drug class?

Reflex Tachy → Palpitations

↑ myocardial contraction

↑ Renin → fluid retention

↑ vasodilation → HA, Flushing, Dizziness

A

Vasodilators

24
Q

What are three vasodilators used in HTN tx?

A

hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside, fenoldopam

25
Q

Which vasodilators achieve their effects via NO?

A

Hydralazine and Sodium Nitroprusside

26
Q

This vasodilator has the following indications…

severe, refractory HTN in combo therapy

HTN emergency in pregnancy

A

hydralazine

27
Q

Which drug can lead to SLE in slow acetylators?

A

hydralazine (HIP drug)

28
Q

This drug can lead to cyanide accumulation. Its effects are rapid and short lived

A

sodium nitroprusside

29
Q

When should sodium nitroprusside be considered?

A

HTN emergency

30
Q

sodium nitroprusside is converted to what by the liver?

A

thiocyanate

31
Q

Which vasodilator achieves its action through dopamine?

A

Fenoldopam

32
Q

Describe the half-life of fenaldopam?

A

5 min

33
Q

What 4 drugs are considered CCBs?

A

nifedipine, amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil

34
Q

Rank the affinity of CCBs to cardiac muscle and incidence of depressed SA/AV node function…

A

Verapamil > Diltiazem > nifedipine

35
Q

Rank the affinity of CCBs to vascular smooth muscle and occurrence of reflex tachycardia.

A

Nifedipine > diltiazem > verapamil

36
Q

What are the three major effects of CCBs on the heart?

A

negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic

37
Q

The below describes the major mechanism of which drugs?

binds L-type Ca channels leading to relaxation of all calcium dependent smooth muscle

A

CCBs

38
Q

What two benefits does slow release formulation of CCB have?

A

less reflex tachy

QD dosing

39
Q

Which CCBs are dihydropyridines?

A

nifedipine, amlodipine

40
Q

Dihydropyridines have what SFx?

A

vascular SFx

gingival hyperplasia

41
Q

Which CCBs are contraindicated in the following:

  • SA/AV node abnormality
  • HF
  • Use with beta blockers
A

verapamil and diltiazem

42
Q

Dihydropyridines are used with caution in what condition?

A

HTN with HF

43
Q

Which two ACE-Is are used in HTN?

A

Enlapril and Lisinopril

44
Q

ACE-Is can reduce BP without compromising which three tissue types?

A

brain, heart, kidney

45
Q

Do ACE-Is cause SNS activation or reflex tachy?

A

no

46
Q

ACE-Is are DOC in what conditions?

A

HTN + T2DM, CKD, HFrEF

CKD and Diabetic Nephropathy

47
Q

ACE-Is have a synergistic effect with which drug class?

A

diuretics

48
Q

The following adverse effects describe which drug class?

↑ Bradykinin → Dry Cough & Angioneurotic edema

Allergic skin rashes

Orthostatic hypotension & Dizziness

Acute renal failure if bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACE-I

49
Q

Why do ACE-Is cause acute renal failure in bilateral renal artery stenosis?

A

inhibited RAAS leads to further decreased GFR

50
Q

ACE-Is are contraindicated in what 3 conditions?

A

pregnancy

Use with K-sparing diuretics and use with NSAIDs

51
Q

ARBs are analogous to ACE-Is, except they don’t cause…

A

cough or angioedema

Pharmacology II (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions