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Pharmacology II > ANS Pharm: Intro and Physiology > Flashcards

ANS Pharm: Intro and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

All preganglionic nerves from the CNS (PNS and SNS) release ________ on ________ receptors…

A

Release: ACh

Nicotinic Receptors

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2
Q

All receptors in ganglia are…

A

nicotinic

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3
Q

Postgangionic PNS nerves release ______ on what receptors?

A

ACh on Muscarinic receptors at target organs

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4
Q

What is responsible for the “all or nothing” nature of SNS innervation?

A

All preganglionic SNS nerves synapse in the sympathetic chain

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5
Q

What three chemicals are released by SNS postganglionics?

A

NE, DA, ACh

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6
Q

Where does epinephrine come from in its role of SNS stimulation?

A

Blood stream after adrenal medulla release

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7
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from SNS neurons in sweat glands

Released from all PNS postganglionics

Acts on muscarinic receptors

A

ACh

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8
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from most SNS nerves

Acts on alpha1 and beta 1 receptors

released with epi from adrenal medulla into the blood

A

NE

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9
Q

On what receptors does epi act?

A

alpha 1

beta 1

beta 2

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10
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from postganglionic SNS to renal vasulature

Acts on D1 receptors

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

What type of receptors are considered cholinergic receptors?

A

M1

M2

M3

Nicotinic

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12
Q

M1 receptors are located where?

A

sweat glands

CNS

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13
Q

M2 receptors are located where?

A

heart

smooth muscle

pre-synaptic nerve terminals

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14
Q

M3 receptors are located where?

A

exocrine glands

smooth muscle

vascular endothelium

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15
Q

Nicotinic receptors are located where?

A

ganglia

NMJ

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16
Q

What type of cholinergic receptors are excitatory?

A

M1 and M3

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17
Q

Which cholinergic receptors are inhibitory

A

M2

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18
Q

Which cholinergic receptors are ion channels?

A

Nicotinic

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19
Q

What receptor types are considered adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1-3

D1

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20
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors located

A

smooth muscle

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21
Q

Where are alpha 2 receptors located?

A

pre synaptic nerve terminals

some smooth muscle

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22
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors located?

A

heart

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23
Q

where are beta 2 receptors located?

A

bronchioles

heart

smooth muscle of skeletal blood vessels

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24
Q

Beta 3 receptors are responsible for what?

A

increased lipolysis

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25
Q

Which adrenergic receptors are excitatory?

A

Alpha 1

All beta receptors

D1

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26
Q

Which adrenergic receptors are inhibitory?

A

alpha 2

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27
Q

What three neurotransmitters are considered catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

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28
Q

On PNS nerves, NE from SNS nerves acts on this presynaptic heteroreceptor to block ACh release?

A

alpha 2

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29
Q

On PNS nerves, what receptor acts as an autoreceptor?

A

M2

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30
Q

On sympathetic nerves, ACh from PNS nerves act upon what presynaptic heteroreceptor to prevent NE release?

A

M2

31
Q

On SNS nerves, what acts as an autoreceptor?

A

alpha 2

32
Q

How does denervation lead to supersensitivity to certain drugs?

A

no neurotransmitter stimulation will greatly increase number of receptors, leading to big response to agonist

33
Q

What receptor types are responsible for normal EPSPs?

A

nicotinic

34
Q

what receptor types cause IPSPs??

A

M2

35
Q

What receptor type causes a slow EPSP?

A

M1

36
Q

Is there PNS stimulation in the vasculature?

A

no

37
Q

Vasculature in skin and reservoir veins has what receptor type, and responds to what neurotransmitter?

A

Alpha 1

NE/Epi

38
Q

Skeletal muscle vessels have what receptors and respond to what neurotransmitters?

A

Alpha 1

Beta 2

NE/Epi

39
Q

In skeletal muscle, what neurotransmitters activate alpha1 receptors, leading to what response?

A

NE, high dose epi

vasoconstriction

40
Q

In skeletal muscle, what neurotransmitters activate beta two receptors, leading to what response?

A

low dose epi

vasodilation

41
Q

You would expect vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle when?

A

severe, immediate life threats… shock

shunt blood to core

42
Q

Renal vasculature has what receptor types and and respond to which neurotransmitters?

A

Alpha 1

Beta 2

D1

NE, Epi, DA

43
Q

NE will have what response in renal vasculature?

A

vasoconstriction

44
Q

Epinephrine will act on which receptors to stimulate what responses?

A

low dose: beta 2 vasodilation

High dose: alpha 1 vasoconstriction

45
Q

Dopamine will act on which receptors to stimulate what responses?

A

low dose: D1, vasodilation

high dose: alpha 1, vasoconstriction

46
Q

In the heart and lungs, what parasympathetic receptors are present

A

M2 and M3

47
Q

PNS M2 stimulation will have what response in the heart?

A

decreased HR and conduction

48
Q

PNS M3 stimulation will cause what response in the lungs?

A

bronchoconstriction

mucus secretion

49
Q

What SNS receptors are present in the heart and lungs?

A

Beta 1 and beta 2

50
Q

SNS stimulation of B1 and B2 can have what effect on the heart?

A

increased HR, AV conduction, ventricular contractility

51
Q

SNS Beta 2 stimulation in the lungs has what effect?

A

bronchodilation

52
Q

In the glands and eyes, the parasympathetic receptor type is…

A

M3

53
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes?

salivary secretion
lacrimal secretion
miosis
near accomodation

A

M3, PNS

54
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes?

Increased salivation
mydriasis
nasal vasoconstriction

A

alpha receptors, SNS

55
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes?

Sweating

A

M1, SNS

56
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI?

GI contraction

Relaxed sphincters

Increased motility

Increased gastric acid secretion

A

PNS, M3

57
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI?

liver glycogenolysis

A

SNS, B2

58
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI system?

decreased motility
relaxed GI tract

A

SNS, alpha and beta 2

59
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GU system?

Contract bladder wall
relax sphincters
Erection

A

PNS, M3

60
Q

Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GU system?

contract bladder sphincter
ejactulation

A

SNS, alpha 1

61
Q

what does the beta 1 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?

A

increased renin secretion

62
Q

What does the beta 2 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?

A

relax uterus

63
Q

What does the beta 3 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?

A

relax bladder wall

64
Q

Aqueous humor is formed where?

A

epithelium of ciliary body

65
Q

In the iris, alpha-1 stimulation from the SNS causes what?

A

contraction of radial muscle–pupil dilation

mydriasis without cyclopegia

66
Q

In the iris, M3 stimulation from the PNS causes what?

A

contraction of circular muscle, constriction of pupil

miosis

67
Q

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, suspensory ligaments are under ________ making the lens _________ which accommodates for what type of vision?

A

relaxed ciliary:

high tension suspensory ligaments

flat lens

far vision

68
Q

When the ciliary muscle contracts, suspensory ligaments are under ________ making the lens _________ which accommodates for what type of vision?

A

contracted ciliary

low tension suspensory ligaments

round lens

near vision

69
Q

What is responsible for contraction of the ciliary muscle leading to a more round lens/near vision accommodation?

A

PNS, M3

70
Q

In acute angle closure glaucoma, the ciliary muscle blocks what structure of the eye, leading to increased pressure?

A

canal of schlemm

71
Q

In acute angle closure glaucoma, muscarinic stimulation by cholinergic agonists has what effect?

A

contraction of ciliary muscle, and iris

opens angle for aqueous humor outflow

72
Q

What causes the baroreceptors in the cartodi sinus and aortic arch to fire?

A

stretch due to increased BP

73
Q

The vasomotor center is stimulated by baroreceptors. What effects does vasomotor have on PNS and SNS

A

Gives SNS tone to blood vessels

Sends PNS and SNS signals to heart

Pharmacology II (23 decks)

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