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Pharmacology II > ANS Pharm: Intro and Physiology > Flashcards

ANS Pharm: Intro and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

All preganglionic nerves from the CNS (PNS and SNS) release ________ on ________ receptors…

A

Release: ACh

Nicotinic Receptors

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2
Q

All receptors in ganglia are…

A

nicotinic

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3
Q

Postgangionic PNS nerves release ______ on what receptors?

A

ACh on Muscarinic receptors at target organs

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4
Q

What is responsible for the “all or nothing” nature of SNS innervation?

A

All preganglionic SNS nerves synapse in the sympathetic chain

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5
Q

What three chemicals are released by SNS postganglionics?

A

NE, DA, ACh

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6
Q

Where does epinephrine come from in its role of SNS stimulation?

A

Blood stream after adrenal medulla release

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7
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from SNS neurons in sweat glands

Released from all PNS postganglionics

Acts on muscarinic receptors

A

ACh

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8
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from most SNS nerves

Acts on alpha1 and beta 1 receptors

released with epi from adrenal medulla into the blood

A

NE

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9
Q

On what receptors does epi act?

A

alpha 1

beta 1

beta 2

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10
Q

This neurotransmitter has the following characteristics…

Released from postganglionic SNS to renal vasulature

Acts on D1 receptors

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

What type of receptors are considered cholinergic receptors?

A

M1

M2

M3

Nicotinic

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12
Q

M1 receptors are located where?

A

sweat glands

CNS

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13
Q

M2 receptors are located where?

A

heart

smooth muscle

pre-synaptic nerve terminals

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14
Q

M3 receptors are located where?

A

exocrine glands

smooth muscle

vascular endothelium

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15
Q

Nicotinic receptors are located where?

A

ganglia

NMJ

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16
Q

What type of cholinergic receptors are excitatory?

A

M1 and M3

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17
Q

Which cholinergic receptors are inhibitory

A

M2

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18
Q

Which cholinergic receptors are ion channels?

A

Nicotinic

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19
Q

What receptor types are considered adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha 1 and 2

beta 1-3

D1

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20
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors located

A

smooth muscle

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21
Q

Where are alpha 2 receptors located?

A

pre synaptic nerve terminals

some smooth muscle

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22
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors located?

A

heart

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23
Q

where are beta 2 receptors located?

A

bronchioles

heart

smooth muscle of skeletal blood vessels

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24
Q

Beta 3 receptors are responsible for what?

A

increased lipolysis

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25
Which adrenergic receptors are excitatory?
Alpha 1 All beta receptors D1
26
Which adrenergic receptors are inhibitory?
alpha 2
27
What three neurotransmitters are considered catecholamines?
Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine
28
On PNS nerves, NE from SNS nerves acts on this presynaptic heteroreceptor to block ACh release?
alpha 2
29
On PNS nerves, what receptor acts as an autoreceptor?
M2
30
On sympathetic nerves, ACh from PNS nerves act upon what presynaptic heteroreceptor to prevent NE release?
M2
31
On SNS nerves, what acts as an autoreceptor?
alpha 2
32
How does denervation lead to supersensitivity to certain drugs?
no neurotransmitter stimulation will greatly increase number of receptors, leading to big response to agonist
33
What receptor types are responsible for normal EPSPs?
nicotinic
34
what receptor types cause IPSPs??
M2
35
What receptor type causes a slow EPSP?
M1
36
Is there PNS stimulation in the vasculature?
no
37
Vasculature in skin and reservoir veins has what receptor type, and responds to what neurotransmitter?
Alpha 1 NE/Epi
38
Skeletal muscle vessels have what receptors and respond to what neurotransmitters?
Alpha 1 Beta 2 NE/Epi
39
In skeletal muscle, what neurotransmitters activate alpha1 receptors, leading to what response?
NE, high dose epi vasoconstriction
40
In skeletal muscle, what neurotransmitters activate beta two receptors, leading to what response?
low dose epi vasodilation
41
You would expect vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle when?
severe, immediate life threats... shock | shunt blood to core
42
Renal vasculature has what receptor types and and respond to which neurotransmitters?
Alpha 1 Beta 2 D1 NE, Epi, DA
43
NE will have what response in renal vasculature?
vasoconstriction
44
Epinephrine will act on which receptors to stimulate what responses?
low dose: beta 2 vasodilation High dose: alpha 1 vasoconstriction
45
Dopamine will act on which receptors to stimulate what responses?
low dose: D1, vasodilation high dose: alpha 1, vasoconstriction
46
In the heart and lungs, what parasympathetic receptors are present
M2 and M3
47
PNS M2 stimulation will have what response in the heart?
decreased HR and conduction
48
PNS M3 stimulation will cause what response in the lungs?
bronchoconstriction mucus secretion
49
What SNS receptors are present in the heart and lungs?
Beta 1 and beta 2
50
SNS stimulation of B1 and B2 can have what effect on the heart?
increased HR, AV conduction, ventricular contractility
51
SNS Beta 2 stimulation in the lungs has what effect?
bronchodilation
52
In the glands and eyes, the parasympathetic receptor type is...
M3
53
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes? salivary secretion lacrimal secretion miosis near accomodation
M3, PNS
54
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes? Increased salivation mydriasis nasal vasoconstriction
alpha receptors, SNS
55
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in glands and eyes? Sweating
M1, SNS
56
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI? GI contraction Relaxed sphincters Increased motility Increased gastric acid secretion
PNS, M3
57
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI? liver glycogenolysis
SNS, B2
58
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GI system? decreased motility relaxed GI tract
SNS, alpha and beta 2
59
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GU system? Contract bladder wall relax sphincters Erection
PNS, M3
60
Which receptor and branch of the ANS causes the following changes in the GU system? contract bladder sphincter ejactulation
SNS, alpha 1
61
what does the beta 1 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?
increased renin secretion
62
What does the beta 2 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?
relax uterus
63
What does the beta 3 receptor do upon SNS stimulation in the GU system?
relax bladder wall
64
Aqueous humor is formed where?
epithelium of ciliary body
65
In the iris, alpha-1 stimulation from the SNS causes what?
contraction of radial muscle--pupil dilation mydriasis without cyclopegia
66
In the iris, M3 stimulation from the PNS causes what?
contraction of circular muscle, constriction of pupil miosis
67
When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, suspensory ligaments are under ________ making the lens _________ which accommodates for what type of vision?
relaxed ciliary: high tension suspensory ligaments flat lens far vision
68
When the ciliary muscle contracts, suspensory ligaments are under ________ making the lens _________ which accommodates for what type of vision?
contracted ciliary low tension suspensory ligaments round lens near vision
69
What is responsible for contraction of the ciliary muscle leading to a more round lens/near vision accommodation?
PNS, M3
70
In acute angle closure glaucoma, the ciliary muscle blocks what structure of the eye, leading to increased pressure?
canal of schlemm
71
In acute angle closure glaucoma, muscarinic stimulation by cholinergic agonists has what effect?
contraction of ciliary muscle, and iris opens angle for aqueous humor outflow
72
What causes the baroreceptors in the cartodi sinus and aortic arch to fire?
stretch due to increased BP
73
The vasomotor center is stimulated by baroreceptors. What effects does vasomotor have on PNS and SNS
Gives SNS tone to blood vessels Sends PNS and SNS signals to heart

Pharmacology II (23 decks)

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