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Pharmacology II > Adrenergic Blockers > Flashcards

Adrenergic Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

This type of glaucoma is chronic…

A

open angle

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2
Q

this glaucoma results in a shallow anterior chamber resulting in blocked aq humor flow

A

closed angle

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3
Q

What is the focus of glaucoma tx?

A

reduce production of aq humor

increase humor removal

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4
Q

What is class DOC for glaucoma and what is the moa?

A

Prostaglandin analogues

increases aq humor outflow

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5
Q

This drug class is the second choice for glaucoma. they work by reducing production of aq humor. What class, and what 2 drugs?

A

Beta Blockers

Timolol, Betaxolol

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6
Q

The third line drugs for glaucoma work by decreasing humor production and increasing removal…

A

alpha 2 agonists

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7
Q

The last line of drugs used for glaucoma tx due to bad vision side effects… what specific drug?

A

cholinergic agonists

pilocarpine

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8
Q

this type of alpha blocker has the following characteristics…

Maximum effect maintained

ED50 (required dose) increased resulting in right shift

A

Reversible Alpha Blockers

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9
Q

This type of alpha blocker has the following characteristics:

ED50 increased, resulting in right shift of curve

Maximum response is diminished

A

Irreversible Alpha Blockers

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10
Q

___________ Receptor Blockers have the following effects:

Vasodilation

Reflex Tachycardia

Orthostatic Hypotension

Epi reversal

Miosis

Nasal Congestion

Decreased resistance to urine flow

Inhibition of ejaculation

A

Alpha receptor blockers

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11
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

decreased peripheral vascular resistance, especially when standing

A

Alpha Blockers

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12
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

Reflex tachycardia due to decreased BP and baroreflex induced receptor stimulation and NE release

A

Alpha blockers

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13
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

blocked receptor results in blocking of compensatory vasoconstriction

A

alpha blockers

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14
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle resulting in decreased BP, increased HR

reverses Fx of epi

A

alpha blockers

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15
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

relaxes radial muscles of eye

A

alpha blockers

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16
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

causes vasodilation in nasal mucosa

A

alpha blockers

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17
Q

A patient presents with sudden onset severe HTN, Tachycardia, Arrhythmia.

What should you be suspicious of?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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18
Q

How do you dx pheochromocytoma?

A

measure 24hr urine NE and VMA

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19
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

Decreased HR, Contractility, Conduction, CO, and O2 demand in heart

Decreased BP with chronic use

A

Beta blockers

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20
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

decreased renin release

A

beta blockers

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21
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

bronchoconstriction

A

beta blockers

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22
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

decreased IOP

A

beta blockers

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23
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

inhibits glycogenolysis making hypoglycemia difficult to dx and recover from

A

beta blockers

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24
Q

What drug class has the following characteristic:

cannot be used in the eye as a local anesthetic

A

beta blockers

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25
Q

What drug class has the following effect:

decreases mortality after an MI

A

beta blockers

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26
Q

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine are both what class?

A

non-specific alpha blockers

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27
Q

Which of the non-specific alpha blockers is irreversible, Phentolamine or Phenoxybenzamine?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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28
Q

What type of bond does Phenoxybenzamine form with alpha receptors?

A

covalent

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29
Q

This non-specific alpha blocker has the following indications…

Tx of HTN and rarely in HTN crisis

Prevention of necrosis w/ accidental vasoconstrictor administration

A

Phentolamine

30
Q

Patients with what condition should be prescribed phentolamine with caution?

A

CAD

31
Q

This non-specific alpha blocker is DOC for:

pre-op patients with severe HTN from Pheo

A

Phenoxybenzamine

32
Q

This non-specific alpha blocker has the following SFx:

orthostatic Hypotension
Tachycardia
Inhib. of ejaculation

A

phenoxybenzamine

33
Q

This non-specific alpha blocker has the following SFx:

Hypotension
Tachycardia
Arrythmia
Myocardial ischemia

A

Phentolamine

34
Q

Which alpha blocker is alpha-1 selective?

A

prazosin

35
Q

This alpha blocker has the following indications:

Tx of HTN and BPH

Decrease LDL, TGs

Increase HDL

A

Prazosin

36
Q

Use of this drug with viagra and nitrates can cause hypotension, so must be prescribed with caution…

A

prazosin

37
Q

This alpha blocker has a bad 1st dose effect of orthostatic hypotension, so sould be administered at bedtime.

A

prazosin

38
Q

What is the mechanism by which prazosin causes hypotension?

A

blocks alpha-1

decreases peripheral vascular resistance

39
Q

This alpha blocker is selective for the Alpha-1A receptor…

A

tamulosin

40
Q

Is tamulosin useful in treating HTN?

A

no

41
Q

This alpha blocker has the following therapeutic effects:

Tx of BPH

Decrease LDL, TGs

Increase HDL

A

Tamulosin

42
Q

This alpha blocker has the following adverse effects:

Ejaculation dysfunction
HA
Dizziness

A

Tamulosin

43
Q

Which beta blockers are non-specific?

A

Propranolol

Timolol

44
Q

Which drugs are combined alpha and beta blockers?

A

Carvedilol

Labetalol

45
Q

Beta-1 Receptor blockers include:

A

Betaxolol

Esmolol

Metoprolol

Nebivolol

46
Q

Which non-specific beta blocker is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes?

A

Propranolol

47
Q

Which drugs are P450 inhibitors?

A

cimetidine

48
Q

Which drugs are P450 inducers?

A

barbiturates

phenytoin

rifampin

49
Q

This non-specific beta blocker should not be stopped abruptly…

A

propranolol

50
Q

Which beta blocker has been shown to decrease mortality post-MI?

A

propranolol

51
Q

This drug has the following contraindications:

Acute HF
Asthma
AV Block
Bradycardia
Cardiogenic Shock
Pheo
A

propranolol

52
Q

This drug has the following indications:

Tx of Arrythmia, Early HF, Angina, HTN

Tx of Hyperthyroidism

Migraine prevention

A

propranolol

53
Q

Why should propranolol be prescribed with caution in patients with DM?

A

revival of hypoglycemia made difficult

54
Q

This drug has the following adverse effects:

worsens COPD
Bronchoconstriction

Exacerbates late-stage HFrEF and bradycardia

A

Propranolol

55
Q

This non-specific beta blocker is similar to propranolol, but is used in treatment of glaucoma…

A

timolol

56
Q

Who should be prescribed timolol with caution?

A

asthma

57
Q

Describe the routes of admin for timolol and the absorption…

A

PO and topical

some systemic absorption

58
Q

This beta-1 receptor blocker is primarily effective on the heart tissue by reducing HR and contractility…

A

metoprolol

59
Q

Because it is a beta-1 receptor blocker, metroprolol has what advantage over propranolol?

A

fewer SFx.

Better exercise tolerance, safer in DM and asthma

60
Q

This beta 1 receptor blocker has the following indications…

HTN, Angina, HF, Post-MI

Migraine Prophylaxis

A

Metoprolol

61
Q

This selective beta-1 receptor blocker is similar to metoprolol, but is used to treat glaucoma…

A

betaxolol

62
Q

Patients with what condition should be prescribed betaxolol with caution?

A

asthma

63
Q

This Beta 1/cardio receptor blocker has rapid action, a fast half-life and is administered IV…

A

Esmolol

64
Q

This beta-1/cardio blocker is indicated for:

emergent treatment of arrhythmia

Critically ill patients who need to avoid long-lasting beta blocker SFx

A

esmolol

65
Q

This beta 1 receptor blocker is the most selective for beta 1 and causes endothelial NO release

A

Nebivolol

66
Q

Carvedilol is contraindicated in patients with what condition?

A

asthma

67
Q

This combined alpha and beta receptor blocker has the following adverse effects:

orthostatic hypotension
bronchoconstriction

A

carvedilol

68
Q

This alpha-beta receptor blocker has the following indications:

Tx of HTN and HF after MI

A

carvedilol

69
Q

this alpha-beta receptor blocker is lipid neutral…

A

carvedilol

70
Q

Carvedilol and labetalol both cause vasodilation without what adverse effect?

A

reflex tachycardia

71
Q

This combined alpha and beta blocker has the following indications:

HTN during pregnancy
Tx of HTN emergency

A

Labetalol

72
Q

This combined alpha and beta receptor blocker has the following contraindications…

orthostatic hypotension
bronchoconstriction
hepatotoxicity

A

labetalol

Pharmacology II (23 decks)

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