Endocrine: DM Kinetics & Unique Features Flashcards
What are the 3 DM drugs that have beneficial effects of ASCVD risk?
liraglutide, empagliflozin, canagliflozin
What three factors, considered the “ABCs” of DM, must be considered when treating T2DM to reduce ASCVD risk?
Control A1C, BP, Cholesterol
When should therapy begin after receiving a T2DM dx?
immediately
Which two insulin types can be given IV?
Rapid Acting and Short Acting
which drug class activates insulin release?
beta 2 agonists
Which drug class inhibits insulin release?
alpha 2 agonists
what are 2 treatment options for hypoglycemia?
50-100 ml 50% glucose solution IV or 0.5-1 mg glucagon IM
Diazoxide is given PO, and has a ____ duration with a half-life of how long?
long duration, t1/2 = 24-36 hours
what is the DOC for pre-diabetes?
metformin
Which GLP-1 Receptor Agonist can be given PO?
Semaglutide
Which GLP-1 Agonists has QD injections instead of BID?
Liraglutide
How are DPP-4 inhibitors administered?
PO, daily
most DPP-4 inhibitors have renal elimination, except ______ which is excreted in the liver/GI
linagliptin
This drug class has a long and variable half-life and onset/offset of effects can take weeks to months
TZDs (glitazone)
These drugs are given preprandially, and can be used in T1DM and T2DM…
alpha-glucoside inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol)
Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?
Highest Rate of Hypoglycemia in Class, 24 hour effects
Glyburide
Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?
Least Hypoglycemia in Class, 2-4 hour t1/2
Glipizide
Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?
QD dosing, little hypoglycemic effect
Glimepiride
These drugs are used to mimic insulin, so they have a rapid action and short half-life, with effects peaking at 1 hr.
they should be taken preprandially.
Meglitinides/GLN (repaglinide)
how is Meglitinides/GLN (repaglinide) metabolized?
CYP3A4
This drug is taken PO within 2 hours of waking up in the morning…
bromocriptine (cycloset)
This drug is the only adjunct to insulin therapy in T1DM and T2DM.
pramlintide (symlin)
How is pramlintide administered?
SQ TID with insulin bolus
how long does it take for pramlintide’s therapeutic effects to begin?
3 hours
