Endocrine: DM Kinetics & Unique Features

Question 1

What are the 3 DM drugs that have beneficial effects of ASCVD risk?

Answer 1

liraglutide, empagliflozin, canagliflozin

Question 2

What three factors, considered the “ABCs” of DM, must be considered when treating T2DM to reduce ASCVD risk?

Answer 2

Control A1C, BP, Cholesterol

Question 3

When should therapy begin after receiving a T2DM dx?

Answer 3

immediately

Question 4

Which two insulin types can be given IV?

Answer 4

Rapid Acting and Short Acting

Question 5

which drug class activates insulin release?

Answer 5

beta 2 agonists

Question 6

Which drug class inhibits insulin release?

Answer 6

alpha 2 agonists

Question 7

what are 2 treatment options for hypoglycemia?

Answer 7

50-100 ml 50% glucose solution IV or 0.5-1 mg glucagon IM

Question 8

Diazoxide is given PO, and has a ____ duration with a half-life of how long?

Answer 8

long duration, t1/2 = 24-36 hours

Question 9

what is the DOC for pre-diabetes?

Answer 9

metformin

Question 10

Which GLP-1 Receptor Agonist can be given PO?

Answer 10

Semaglutide

Question 11

Which GLP-1 Agonists has QD injections instead of BID?

Answer 11

Liraglutide

Question 12

How are DPP-4 inhibitors administered?

Answer 12

PO, daily

Question 13

most DPP-4 inhibitors have renal elimination, except ______ which is excreted in the liver/GI

Answer 13

linagliptin

Question 14

This drug class has a long and variable half-life and onset/offset of effects can take weeks to months

Answer 14

TZDs (glitazone)

Question 15

These drugs are given preprandially, and can be used in T1DM and T2DM…

Answer 15

alpha-glucoside inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol)

Question 16

Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?

Highest Rate of Hypoglycemia in Class, 24 hour effects

Answer 16

Glyburide

Question 17

Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?

Least Hypoglycemia in Class, 2-4 hour t1/2

Answer 17

Glipizide

Question 18

Which sulfonylurea has the following characteristics?

QD dosing, little hypoglycemic effect

Answer 18

Glimepiride

Question 19

These drugs are used to mimic insulin, so they have a rapid action and short half-life, with effects peaking at 1 hr.

they should be taken preprandially.

Answer 19

Meglitinides/GLN (repaglinide)

Question 20

how is Meglitinides/GLN (repaglinide) metabolized?

Answer 20

CYP3A4

Question 21

This drug is taken PO within 2 hours of waking up in the morning…

Answer 21

bromocriptine (cycloset)

Question 22

This drug is the only adjunct to insulin therapy in T1DM and T2DM.

Answer 22

pramlintide (symlin)

Question 23

How is pramlintide administered?

Answer 23

SQ TID with insulin bolus

Question 24

how long does it take for pramlintide’s therapeutic effects to begin?

Answer 24

3 hours