EEG and sleep

Question 1

What is electroencephalogram?

Answer 1

recording of electrical activity on of brain scalp

Question 2

Who invented electroencephalogram?

Answer 2

hans berger

Question 3

What is good and bad about EEG?

Answer 3

poor spatial resolution bu good temporal resolution

Question 4

What does MEG measure?

Answer 4

magnetic field evoked by current flow in brain

Question 5

What do individuals show when eyes are closed nd they are in a relaxed state?

Answer 5

alpha rhythm

8-14Hz)(10-50microV

Question 6

What rhythm do individuals show when eyes open/aroused?

Answer 6

beta rhythm

14-25Hz

Question 7

What rhythm do awake nromal people show?

Answer 7

gamma rhythm (intermittent bursts of synchronous 30-80Hz)

Question 8

Where is wave origin?

Answer 8

electrical activity in deep cortex (up to 6mm) and deeper signals are missed
cortico-thalamic oscilations

Question 9

What region are a-rhythms found?

Answer 9

in visual cortex

Question 10

What region are k(kappa) rhythms found?

Answer 10

in auditory cortex (are alpha like)

Question 11

What region are micro rhythms found?

Answer 11

sensorimotor cotex (alpha like)
(mirror neurons, autism???)

Question 12

when are theta waves more common?

Answer 12

tumours
young children
during frustration
could be hippocampal rhythm memory

Question 13

What can epilectic discharge cause on eeg?

Answer 13

spikes in EEG (after this is spreads thoughout brain )

Question 14

what is REM sleep?

Answer 14

rapid eye movement sleep

Question 15

What are the stages in non-REM sleep?

Answer 15

1- alpha rhythm slows
2-slowing and sleep spindles (light sleep)
3-slowing, no spindles
4-increase in amplitude but low frequency (deep sleep)

Question 16

When in embryo do these stages occur ?

Answer 16

~24weeks

Question 17

What could lack of sleep relate to?

Answer 17

cognitive impairment

Question 18

When does REM occur?

Answer 18

it usually follows deep sleep (is dream sleep)

Question 19

What is REM sleep rhythm ?

Answer 19

beta-like (as if awake)

Question 20

How does dolphin sleep?

Answer 20

it cant- only half of brain sleeps at one time

Question 21

What animals dream?

Answer 21

mammals and young birds

Question 22

What neurotransmitter does REM on neuron use?

Answer 22

acetylcholine

Question 23

What neurotransmtters does REM off sleep use?

Answer 23

noradrenaline and serotonin

Question 24

What from the hypothalamus regulates sleep?

Answer 24

suprachiasmatic nuleus

Question 25

What does suprachiasmatic nucleus secrete?

Answer 25

hypocretin and orexin

Question 26

what causes narcolepsy?

Answer 26

Disturbances to orexin and hypocretin level

Question 27

How does pineal gland regulate sleep?

Answer 27

sleep/wake cycle affected by melatonin from pineal.. (secretion of melatonin varies with light level)
releases serotonin in day

Question 28

what is sleep probability a balance of?

Answer 28

Process S – sleep / energy debt

Process C – circadian rhythm (SCN)

Question 29

what else apart from the hypothalamus regulates sleep?

Answer 29

cortex, basal forebrain and pineal gland