Cell types Flashcards
What are non-neuronal cells called?
neuroglia
How many neurons are in human brain?
10^10 - 10^12
What are unipolar cells?
have 1 process (can be pseudobipolar) . in dorsal root ganglia
What are bipolar cells?
have 2 processes . retino bipolar cells
What are pyramidal cells?
have lots of dendritic spines but one axon. e.g. cerebellar granule cells.
What are golgi type 1 and type 2 neurons?
type 1 are long, and type 2 are short.
WHat is strange about olefactory granule cells?
have no axons, connections are made dendrite-dendrite.
olefactory cells have to be replaced (neuronal cell regeneration)
Give 3 glial cell types
macroglia, microglia, ependyma
give 3 types of macroglia
Astrocytes, schwaan cells (PNS), oligodendrocytes(CNS).
COmpare fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes
Fibrous - found mainly in white matter, have long processes and many intermediate filaments.
Protoplasmic - found mainly in grey matter, have short processes and few intermediate processes.
WHat are retinal muller cells?
specialized astrocytes. They are columner cells that span width of retina and take up K+
What are radial glia?
specialized astrocytes.
span from pia to purkinje layer. (bergmanns glia)
Give some astrocytic roles
Spatial biffering of K+ (astocytes permeable to K+)
Neurotransmitter uptake. Take up GABA and glutamate (glutamate converted to glutamine)
Glucose metabolism ( neurons prefer 3 carbon compounds so astroycytes store glycogen)
Blood brain barrier - cause tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells.
WHat are microglia derived from?
circulatorymonocytes
What do microglia do?
good at phagocytosis, main form of active immune response in CNS
