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Linglis OOW Module study > ECDIS > Flashcards

ECDIS Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose / advantages of ECDIS

A

Reduced workload for OOW

Improved SA

Admirality Information Overlay

Information Layering

Safety Alarming

Real time position information

Automatic log book recording

Quick and easy corrections (done by professionals)

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2
Q

Disadvantages of ECDIS

A

Over reliance

Relies on integrity of feed inputs

Information overload

Underscaling/overscaling

Requires specialty training

Alarm apathy

RASTAR charts can still be displayed

Potential ‘old’ survey information

High potential for user error

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3
Q

What makes an ENC

A

It meets the IMO performance standards under MSC 232 and therefore meets the carriage requirements of SOLAS

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4
Q

What Inputs must an ECDIS have?

A

GPS x 2
Speed (water log)
Gyro
UPS

Additional:
AIS/RADAR overlay

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5
Q

Disadvantages of ECDIS

A

Over-reliance by OOW
Requires UPS
Specific training required
Alarm apathy
Clutter by info overload
Over/Underscaling

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6
Q

MSC 232 (updated to MSC 530)

A

Performance standards for ECDIS

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7
Q

Order of importance in Governance

A

IMO (SOLAS CH 5, Performance standards)
IHO (software standards)
IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) produced the IEC 61174-15
(hardware standards)

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8
Q

S52

A

Specifications for chart content and Display aspects of ECDIS
Current Version is S52 4.0

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9
Q

S57

A

Transfer standards for Digital Hydrographic Data

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10
Q

S58

A

ENC validation Checks

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11
Q

S61

A

Product specification for Rastar Navigational Charts

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12
Q

S63

A

Digital Data Incription

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13
Q

S100

A

New standards for Bathymetrey and geographical Data

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14
Q

When can we run in RCDS

A

Rastar Chart Display System

No ENC available

Risk assessment has been carried out on the use of RCDS

An appropriate back up portfolio of Paper Charts is present

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15
Q

SENC

A

System Electronic Navigational Chart

A ENC is considered a SENC, when it is APPROVED, and has undergone lossless transformation of the database

Only an SENC is allowed for a paperless Bridge

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16
Q

WEND

A

World wide Electronic Chart Database

Ensures globally consistent high level of quality

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17
Q

RENCs

A

Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Co-ordination Centres
Distribution of charts
Two Particular RENCs

IC-ENC, international centre, hosted by the UKHO

Primar, Hosted by Norway

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18
Q

Shallow Contour

A

User chosen contour depth depicting unsafe waters beyond. Usually set to the Ships Draft

Colour behind will be Dark Blue

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19
Q

Safety Contour

A

User set contour line depicting possible unsafe water on the other side. The system will highlight in bold the next deep contour line from the users chosen depth.
ESSENTIAL for safe navigation and monitoring

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20
Q

Safety Contour calculating

A

Draught + UKC allowance , swell, list etc + allowance for squat + Potentially HOT as well.

Colour between Safety and Shallow contour will be light blue

If it doesn’t match the set depth, it will automatically choose the next available depth contour

I.e. safety contour set to 7m. the ECDIS will choose a 10m contour

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21
Q

Safety Depth

A

User Chosen depth, beneath which isolated sountings will be in bold. Usually set to match the safety contour

ESSENTIAL for safety of navigation and monitoring

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22
Q

Deep contour

A

User chosen contour line before which is safe navigable water.

Colour between deep and safety contour will be grey

Colour before deep contour will be white

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23
Q

Safety frame

A

‘Guard zone’ similar to on a radar.
User set, commonly set to 1 NM either side in normal navigation, and 15 minutes ‘look ahead’ time

Calculation (Speed x Look ahead distance) / 60 = NM looking ahead distance

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24
Q

Route check in which compilation

A

1:1

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25
Q

Maximum number of satellites at one time for GPS

A

24

26
Q

Space segment

A

satellites themselves

27
Q

User segment

A

Ships, gps systems etc

28
Q

Control segment

A

Control stations ashore

29
Q

What does the control station do?

A

monitors satellites and positions and reports data to the master station through GBAS

30
Q

6 sources of errors for GPS

A

Satellite clock

Position of satellite

Ionospheric delay caused by ionosphere

Tropospheric delay caused by Troposphere

Multi path error, indirect path to vessel (bouncing off another vessel etc)

Receiver noise error

Receiver clock error

31
Q

Dilution of Precision

A

When satellites are too close together and have a poor angle of cut

32
Q

What DOP are navigators concerned with?

A

Horizontal (HDOP)

33
Q

Ground based augmentation system

A

Provides differential corrections and integrity monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

34
Q

Space based augmentation system

A

Provides differential corrections and integrity monitoring ( by the satellites ) of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

35
Q

DGPS

A

GPS system set up to receive differential corrections from GBAS/SBAS

36
Q

When an ECDIS is being used to satisfy the carriage requirements of SOLAS, what must be present?

A

Copy of type approval certificate, and standards applied

Connection to emergency source of electrical power, gyro compass, speed log and GPS receiver

Be maintained and up to date with the latest IHO standards (International Hydrographic Organisation)

A back up arrangement

When paper charts are the backup, these must also be up to date

37
Q

Who is ECDIS mandatory for?

A

Passenger vessels over 500GT
Cargo Ships over 3000GT
Hence it is not mandatory on yachts, though most will carry it

38
Q

Where do we get digital charts from? in what form

A

AVCS Admiralty Vector Chart Sevices
Single ENC units or Folios can be licensed for limited periods, 3,6,9,12 months,

Or by PAYS, Pay as you Sail
Where you get full coverage for passage planning, but only pay for the ENCs your vessel crosses

39
Q

Where can we get more guidance on ECDIS in RCDS mode?

A

A
MGN 285 - Electronic Charts - Use of risk assessment methodology when operating ECDIS in RCDS Mode

40
Q

Pros of Rastar Charts

A

User friendly as they are scans of original paper charts (familair)

Are approved as they are admiralty charts

Cheap to produce

Global coverage

41
Q

Negatives of Rastar Charts

A

Large file size

Do not meed IMO carriage requirements for a paperless bridge

Not scalable

Requires a fully up to date chart portfolio

Risk assessment must be made in the use of rastar charts

Not seamless, has boundaries

Not inherently intelligent (no alarms, layers, indications)

42
Q

Pros of Vector Charts

A

Can be interrogated

Alarms and Indications

Scalable with no distortion

Admiralty Information over layering

Own ship route monitoring

User set layers

Smaller file data

Apparently seamless joint between charts

43
Q

Negatives of Vector charts

A

Same Survey data as paper charts

Not all approved data

Unfamiliar Symbols to new users (specialist training required)

High chance of a false sense of security

Clutter in the wrong compilation scale

Expensive and timely to produce

44
Q

Items present in standard display

A

Display base + Minimum required for safe passage planning

Spot soundings

Visual and radar conspicuous objects

Chart scale boundaries

Drying line

Indication of fixed and floating aids to navigation

Boundaries of fairways, channels, etc.

prohibited and restricted areas

indication of cautionary notes

chart scale boundaries

45
Q

Items present in Display Base

A

Minimum amount of layered information that will ever be shown on ECDIS

Own ship safety contour

N up arrow

Coastline (high water)

Compilation scale in use

Scale, range

Original compilation scale

Isolated underwater dangers that lie within the safety contour

Hazardous wrecks

Traffic routing systems

ONLY TO BE USED FOR OVERVIEW PLANNING

46
Q

ECDIS vs ECS

A

ECDIS in an electronic chart display and information system

Officially approved navigation information system

Rigorous standards in terms of hardware, software, charts and backup arrangements by IMO and IHO

Can be used as a paperless bridge under SOLAS chapter V

An ECS is any electronic chart system that does not meet these requirements, and cannot be used for a paperless bridge

47
Q

Meeting Paperless bridge standard (approved ECDIS system)

A

2 fully independent systems

2 Individual UPS

Connected to Emergency power

Display both Rastar and Vector charts

Must have seperate GPS inputs

Heading info (gyro) Speed info feed

Must display AIS, ARPA and Radar information

Must be able to be corrected on a weekly basis, or manually corrected

Must have User overlay information layer capabilities

Hardware must be approved by the IEC

ECDIS must in term display a SENC

48
Q

Chart coding

A

1st two letters country code
1st number usage
Next numbers up to decimal is chart number
Numbers after the decimal is the corredtion number

49
Q

What is a Rastar Chart?

A

High quality scan of an existing paper chart

50
Q

What is a Vector Chart?

A

Multi layered database of information

51
Q

What is CATZOC

A

Category Zone of Confidence

Reliability indication of:
Position and depth

52
Q

Isolated danger symbol ECDIS

A

Will display isolated dangers less than the user set safety contour with this symbol

53
Q

List of ECDIS alarms

A

Crossing safety contour

Deviate from route

Position system failure

Approaching a critical point

Non ENC Area

Different Geodetic Datum

54
Q

What is an ECDIS alarm?

A

Audible and visual means of alerting the user to something that requires their immediate attention

55
Q

What are ECDIS Indications?

A

Alert a user to something that MAY lead to danger if we do not act

56
Q

List of ECDIS Indications

A

Information overscale

Information underscale

Larger ENC available

Route plan over a safety contour

Route plan over a specified area

Position system failure (planning mode)

System test failure

57
Q

ECDIS role in integrity monitoring

A

Detecting chart errors

Position accuracy monitoring

Handling sensor failures

Display integrity and reliability

Safety parameter Monitoring

Alarm generation

58
Q

USER role in ECDIS integrity monitoring

A

Continuous use of traditional navigational techniques

Monitor feed inputs (gyro, speed, GPS)

Interrogate alarms and monitor route

Visually check route before monitoring in 1:1 scale

Verify the integrity of data being fed into the ECDIS

Overlays (RADAR, ARPA, AIS) verified

59
Q

Ensuring Charts are up to date on ECDIS

A

ECDIS should display this data prominently on the screen

Or in the chart properties section, to the right side of the screen

We can also check our chart catalogue, and the charts not up to date will appear in orange

This interrogation of the properties can be type specific

60
Q

Updating process of ECDIS

A

Receive the AVCS DVD from the chart service, and insert.
Read the ‘read me’ file, and update with the most recent N/Ms accordingly

These can be received through email nowadays

61
Q

How do we check our ECDIS itself is updated?

A

Within the system information menu

Linglis OOW Module study (43 decks)

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