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ENT > ear disease > Flashcards

ear disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of hearing loss?

A
  • conductive
  • sensorineural
  • mixed
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2
Q

what type of hearing loss does otitis external lead to?

A

conductive hearing loss

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3
Q

what is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal

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4
Q

what causes otitis external?

A
  • almost always infective
  • may be bacterial or fungal
  • water
  • cotton buds
  • associated with skin conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis
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5
Q

what type of hearing loss is OME?

A

conductive hearing loss

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6
Q

what type of hearing loss is cholesteatoma?

A

conductive hearing loss

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7
Q

what type of hearing loss is perforations of TM?

A

conductive hearing loss

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8
Q

what are some causes of perforation of TM>

A
  • most commonly due to acute otitis media

- may also occur due to trauma or surgery such as Grommets

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9
Q

what is cholesteatoma?

A
  • an abnormal collection of skin inside your ear due to abnormal keratin production usually from chronic otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane
  • can be acquired or congenital
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10
Q

what causes cholesteatoma?

A

-can be acquired or congenital

Acquired (more common)= chronic otitis media and perforated ear drum causing build up of skin inside ear

Congenital

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11
Q

what can occur if acute otitis media or cholesteatoma speeds medially?

A

If spread medially may lead to sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or facial palsy

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12
Q

what can occur if acute otitis media or cholesteatoma spread superiorly?

A

If spread superiorly may cause brain abscess or meningitis

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13
Q

what can occur if acute otitis media or cholesteatoma spread posteriorly?

A

If spread posteriorly may cause venous sinus thrombosis

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14
Q

how does otosclerosis present?

A

-gradual conductive hearing loss

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15
Q

who is otosclerosis more commonly seen in?

A
  • women
  • progresses more rapidly when pregnant
  • it is thought that there is a connection with oestrogen levels and otosclerosis
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16
Q

what is the treatment for otosclerosis?

A
  • hearing aids are first line

- stapedectomy (surgery)

17
Q

what is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

-presbycusis

18
Q

what frequency do patients with presbycusis struggle to hear?

A

high

19
Q

how does noise induced hearing loss typically present on an audiogram?

A

-there is a classic dip usually at 4kHz

20
Q

what do the triangles represent on an audiogram?

A

-unmasked bone conduction

21
Q

what do circles stand for on audiogram?

A

-air conduction on right

22
Q

what do the crosses stand for on audiogram?

A

-air conduction on the left ear

23
Q

how would presbycusis present on an audiogram?

A
  • hearing would be borderline in low frequencies and slopes off in high frequencies
  • can tell it is sensorineural as there is no gap between bone conduction test and air conduction test
24
Q

what drugs are well known to causes sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • gentamycin and other aminoglycosides
  • chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin, vincristine)
  • aspiring and NSAIDs (in overdose)
25
Q

what is a vestibular shwannoma?

A

benign tumour arising in internal meatus

26
Q

how does a vestibular shwannoma present?

A

usually only affects one sifde

  • hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • imbalance
27
Q

what tests are done for vestibular schwannoma?

A

MRI scan

28
Q

what type of hearing loss can trauma cause?

A

sensourineural or mixed hearing loss

29
Q

what type of hearing loss may a skull fracture cause?

A
  • conductive (through damage to ossicles, blood within middle ear or perforation of the drum)
  • fracture of inner ear may cause a sensorineural hearing loss
  • can be mixed

can also cause facial palsy or CSF leak!!

ENT (33 decks)

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