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ENT > clinical anatomy of ear and taste > Flashcards

clinical anatomy of ear and taste Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted orange?

A

C2, 3 spinal nerves (via lesser occipital nerve)

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2
Q

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted yellow?

A

facial nerve (CNVII)

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3
Q

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted purple?

A

greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)

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4
Q

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted blue?

A

auricular nerve (via vagus)

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5
Q

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted green?

A

auriculotemporal nerve (via CNV3)

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6
Q

what are 1 and 2 ?

A 
1= concha
2= tragus
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7
Q

what is the main function of the tympanic cavity?

A

-to conduct sound waves in the air towards fluid filled cavities of the inner ear

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8
Q

how does the size of the bones change in the tympanic cavity and why?

A

-they decrease in size from lateral to medial for amplification

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9
Q

what are the bones of the tympanic cavity?

A
  • stapes
  • incus
  • malleus
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10
Q

what are a,b and c?

A

a= malleus
b=incus
c=stapes

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11
Q

what type of joints join together the stapes, incus and malleus and why?

A

-synovial joints to allow for smooth movement

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12
Q

fill in the blank

A

oval window

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13
Q

what are the two muscles in the tympanic cavity?

A
  • tensor tympani muscle

- stapedius muscle

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14
Q

where does the tensor tympani muscle run from?

A

it runs from the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube to the handle of the malleus

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15
Q

what is the role of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

-it dampens sound by reducing vibrations of the tympanic membrane

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16
Q

what innervates the tensor tympani muscle and why?

A

CNV3 (mandibular)

-reduces sound of chewing

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17
Q

where does the stapedius muscle run from?

A

-the pyramidal eminence to neck of stapes

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18
Q

what is the role of the stapedius muscle?

A

-it dampens sound by reducing the vibrations of stapes on oval window

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19
Q

what nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?

A

CN VII (Facial)

20
Q

what occurs in the eustachian tube to equalise pressure?

A

-the palate muscles open

21
Q

where is the eustachian tube located?

A

it runs from the anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

22
Q

what is otitis media?

A

-middle ear inflammation

23
Q

why can tonsillitis or pharyngitis mimic otalgia (earache)?

A

as they are all supplied by CN IX (the glossopharyngeal nerve)

24
Q

what are most of the nasopharynx and oropharynx supplied by for sensory?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

25
Q

what is most of the laryngopharynx sensory supplied by?

A

CN X (vagus nerve)

26
Q

what can mastoiditis lead to?

A

osteomyelitis

27
Q

how may the tympanic cavity be accessed during surgery?

A

-through the mastoid

28
Q

where is the mastoid antrum located in relation to the tympanic cavity?

A

-it is continuous with the tympanic cavity

29
Q

what is the mastoid antrum lined with?

A

mucosa

30
Q

where is the otic capsule located?

A

-in the temporal bone

31
Q

what is the otic capsule like compared to the temporal bone (in terms of density)?

A

otic capsule is denser

32
Q

how developed is the otic capsule at birth?

A

fully developed

33
Q

what are the two labyrinths contained within the otic capsule?

A
  • bony labyrinth

- membranous labyrinth

34
Q

what is the bony labyrinth?

A

-a cavity of the otic capsule

35
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth?

A

a labyrinth suspended within the bony labyrinth

36
Q

what type of lymph is the bony labyrinth filled with?

A

perilymph which is similar to extracellular fluid

37
Q

what type of lymph is found within the membranous labyrinth?

A

endolymph which is similar to intracellular fluid

38
Q

how does hearing work?

A
  • sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate
  • vibrations are transmitted through ossicles
  • footplate of stapes vibrate in oval window
  • vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilymph
  • hair cells in the cochlea are moves, action potentials are stimulated and conveyed to the brain by cochlear nerve
  • pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
  • pressure waves are dampened at the round window
39
Q

what suspends the cochlear duct?

A

spiral ligament

40
Q

what is the cochlear apparatus divided into?

A
  • scala vestibuli
  • cochlear duct
  • scala tympani
41
Q

what is affected in conductive hearing loss?

A
  • external ear

- middle ear

42
Q

what is affected in sensorineural hearing loss?

A

-inner ear

43
Q

what is responsible for balance and perception of head movement in the ear?

A

-vestibular apparatus

44
Q

what parts of the vestibular apparatus detect angular movement change?

A

-semicircular movement change

45
Q

what parts of the vestibular apparatus detect linear movement change?

A 
utrcile= horizontal
Saccule= vertical
46
Q

what innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (vertical part) and what innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (horizontal part)?

A

posterior 1/3 (horizontal part)= glossopharyngeal CNIX for taste and general sensory

anterior 2/3 (vertical part)= general sensory is mandibular part of trigeminal nerve CNV3 and taste is CN VII facial nerve

ENT (33 decks)

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