clinical anatomy of ear and taste

Question 1

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted orange?

Answer 1

C2, 3 spinal nerves (via lesser occipital nerve)

Question 2

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted yellow?

Answer 2

facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 3

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted purple?

Answer 3

greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)

Question 4

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted blue?

Answer 4

auricular nerve (via vagus)

Question 5

what nerve supplies the portion of the ear highlighted green?

Answer 5

auriculotemporal nerve (via CNV3)

Question 6

what are 1 and 2 ?

Answer 6

1= concha
2= tragus

Question 7

what is the main function of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 7

-to conduct sound waves in the air towards fluid filled cavities of the inner ear

Question 8

how does the size of the bones change in the tympanic cavity and why?

Answer 8

-they decrease in size from lateral to medial for amplification

Question 9

what are the bones of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 9

• stapes
• incus
• malleus

Question 10

what are a,b and c?

Answer 10

a= malleus
b=incus
c=stapes

Question 11

what type of joints join together the stapes, incus and malleus and why?

Answer 11

-synovial joints to allow for smooth movement

Question 12

fill in the blank

Answer 12

oval window

Question 13

what are the two muscles in the tympanic cavity?

Answer 13

• tensor tympani muscle

- stapedius muscle

Question 14

where does the tensor tympani muscle run from?

Answer 14

it runs from the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube to the handle of the malleus

Question 15

what is the role of the tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 15

-it dampens sound by reducing vibrations of the tympanic membrane

Question 16

what innervates the tensor tympani muscle and why?

Answer 16

CNV3 (mandibular)

-reduces sound of chewing

Question 17

where does the stapedius muscle run from?

Answer 17

-the pyramidal eminence to neck of stapes

Question 18

what is the role of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 18

-it dampens sound by reducing the vibrations of stapes on oval window

Question 19

what nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?

Answer 19

CN VII (Facial)

Question 20

what occurs in the eustachian tube to equalise pressure?

Answer 20

-the palate muscles open

Question 21

where is the eustachian tube located?

Answer 21

it runs from the anterior wall of the middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

Question 22

what is otitis media?

Answer 22

-middle ear inflammation

Question 23

why can tonsillitis or pharyngitis mimic otalgia (earache)?

Answer 23

as they are all supplied by CN IX (the glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 24

what are most of the nasopharynx and oropharynx supplied by for sensory?

Answer 24

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 25

what is most of the laryngopharynx sensory supplied by?

Answer 25

CN X (vagus nerve)

Question 26

what can mastoiditis lead to?

Answer 26

osteomyelitis

Question 27

how may the tympanic cavity be accessed during surgery?

Answer 27

-through the mastoid

Question 28

where is the mastoid antrum located in relation to the tympanic cavity?

Answer 28

-it is continuous with the tympanic cavity

Question 29

what is the mastoid antrum lined with?

Answer 29

mucosa

Question 30

where is the otic capsule located?

Answer 30

-in the temporal bone

Question 31

what is the otic capsule like compared to the temporal bone (in terms of density)?

Answer 31

otic capsule is denser

Question 32

how developed is the otic capsule at birth?

Answer 32

fully developed

Question 33

what are the two labyrinths contained within the otic capsule?

Answer 33

- bony labyrinth | - membranous labyrinth

Question 34

what is the bony labyrinth?

Answer 34

-a cavity of the otic capsule

Question 35

what is the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 35

a labyrinth suspended within the bony labyrinth

Question 36

what type of lymph is the bony labyrinth filled with?

Answer 36

perilymph which is similar to extracellular fluid

Question 37

what type of lymph is found within the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 37

endolymph which is similar to intracellular fluid

Question 38

how does hearing work?

Answer 38

- sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate - vibrations are transmitted through ossicles - footplate of stapes vibrate in oval window - vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilymph - hair cells in the cochlea are moves, action potentials are stimulated and conveyed to the brain by cochlear nerve - pressure waves descend and become vibrations again - pressure waves are dampened at the round window

Question 39

what suspends the cochlear duct?

Answer 39

spiral ligament

Question 40

what is the cochlear apparatus divided into?

Answer 40

- scala vestibuli - cochlear duct - scala tympani

Question 41

what is affected in conductive hearing loss?

Answer 41

- external ear | - middle ear

Question 42

what is affected in sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 42

-inner ear

Question 43

what is responsible for balance and perception of head movement in the ear?

Answer 43

-vestibular apparatus

Question 44

what parts of the vestibular apparatus detect angular movement change?

Answer 44

-semicircular movement change

Question 45

what parts of the vestibular apparatus detect linear movement change?

Answer 45

``` utrcile= horizontal Saccule= vertical ```

Question 46

what innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (vertical part) and what innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (horizontal part)?

Answer 46

posterior 1/3 (horizontal part)= glossopharyngeal CNIX for taste and general sensory anterior 2/3 (vertical part)= general sensory is mandibular part of trigeminal nerve CNV3 and taste is CN VII facial nerve