airway obstruction Flashcards
what are some special anatomical features in a child?
- large head
- small nares
- neonates are obligate nasal breathers
- tongue size large
- small, soft larynx (higher position C1)
- weak neck muscles, floppy head
- narrow subglottish (3.5mm at the cricoid)
what 2 physiological principles can describe the flow of air in the airway?
- Poiseuille’s equation
- Bernoulli Principle/Venturi effect
describe stridor?
-high pitched harsh noise due to turbulent airflow resulting from airway obstructions
describe stertor?
-low pitch sonorous sound arising from nasopharyngeal airway
what is often found enlarged in children with obstructive sleep apnoe?
enlarged adenoids or tonsils
what is the management of respiratory failure?
A,B,C: resus
- Oxygen
- Heliox
- Steroid
- Adrenaline
- Flexible fibre optic endoscopy examination of the airway
- Secure airways with ET tube/tracheostomy
- treat underlying pathology
what are the classic allergic rhinitis symptoms?
nasal discharge and blocked nose
intermittent
- allergen avoidance
- nasal steroid spray
- antihistamine
false
- orbital abscess
- cavernous sinus thrombosis
- meningitis
7-14 days after event
- nasal obligate breathers
- soft small larynx
true
foreign body
nebulised
HPV
acute otitis media (bulging)
tracheal intubation
tracheostomy
- tonsils
- adenoids
- lingual tonsils
EBV
-history of fever
-tonsillar exudates
tender anterior cervical adenopathy
-absence of cough
amoxicillin
penicillin
can cause a rash
bleeding
surgery as it is moderate to severe
watch and wait review in 3 months
-recent changes to mental health
ask patients about smoking (try get them to stop) ask about trauma from boxing (don’t want to ruin new nose)
from 6 years old
-everything apart from first one!
secondary intervention
