Dyslipidimia Flashcards
Classification of Dyslipidemia
• predominant hypertriglyceridaemia • predominant hypercholesterolaemia • mixed pattern with elevation of both cholesterol and triglyceride (TG
Summary of studies that reinforce the benefits of lipidlowering therapy for dyslipidaemia and the primary
prevention of coronary heart disease (CDH).
4S, 2 PLACI, 3 PLACII, 4 ACAPS, 5 KAPS 6
and REGRESS
One systematic review showed that ______ and __________ are the most favourable lipid-lowering
interventions, with reduced risks of overall and
cardiac mortality
statins and
n-3 fatty acids
Major risk factors for CAD include:
1
2
— increased LDL cholesterol + reduced HDL
cholesterol
— ratio LDL-C:HDL-C >4
Risk increases with increasing cholesterol levels
(90% if >_______
7.8 mmol/L
TG levels >10 mmol/L increases risk of
________
pancreatitis
10% reduction of total cholesterol gives _______
reduction in CAD after 3 years
20%
Common causes of secondary
dyslipidaemia
Hypothyroidism Nephrotic syndrome Type 2 diabetes Cholestasis Anorexia nervosa Obesity Kidney impairment Alcohol excess Obstructive liver disease
Recommended treatment goals • Total cholesterol \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ • LDL-C \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* • TG \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ • HDL-C ≥ \_\_\_\_\_\_ • non-HDL-C <2.5 mmol/L
<4.0 mmol/L
<2.0 mmol/L
<2 mmol/L
1.0 mmol/L
Dyslip Treatment should commence with a_____
statin.
If
LDL-C levels are not reduced to target levels or a
maximally tolerated dose on a statin, add one of
________, _______, ______
ezetimibe,bile acid binding resin or nicotinic acid.
SE of statins
GIT side effects, myalgia,
abnormal liver function (uncommon
In statin Tx, repeat LFTs after
4–8 weeks, then every 6
weeks for 6 months
Combination: ezetimibe + statin (especially if
_________
cholesterol below target)
Bile acid binding resins:
• e.g. __________ 4 g daily in fruit juice
increasing to maximum tolerated dose
cholestyramine