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Neuroscience (1206) > Drugs Modulating ANS Function (Adrenergic Mechanism and Drugs) > Flashcards

Drugs Modulating ANS Function (Adrenergic Mechanism and Drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

What type of Adrenergic drugs stimulate effects of adrenergic nerve activity

A

Adrenergic Agonists or Sympathomimetics

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2
Q

What type of Adrenergic drugs block effects of adrenergic nerve activity

A

Adrenergic Antagonists

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3
Q

True or False, Blockade of Peripheral Dopamine receptors have clinical importance

A

False, Blockade of CNS Dopamine receptors are important

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4
Q

Sympathomimetics, ultimately cause the activation of what type of receptors

A

Adrenoreceptors

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5
Q

In indirect acting of sympathomimetics, actions are dependent on the release of what endogenous substance

A

Catecholamine

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6
Q

What are the two mechanisms of indirect sympathomimetics

A

Displacement of stored catecholamine from adrenergic nerve endings
Inhibition of reuptake of catecholamine that has already been released

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7
Q

What drug follows the indirect mechanism of sympathomimetics displacement

A

Amphetamine

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8
Q

What drug follows the indirect mechanism of sympathomimetics inhibition

A

Cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants

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9
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha and beta

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10
Q

What areas of the body are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors present

A

Pancreas

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11
Q

What areas of the body are beta 2 adrenergic receptors present

A

Ciliary muscle

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12
Q

What areas of the body are Beta 1 adrenergic receptors present

A

Heart and salivary gland

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13
Q

Overall potency & receptor specificity of drugs that exert their effects by combining with adrenoceptors ,depend on which several factors

A

Affinity for & efficacy on , adrenoreceptors
Interaction with neuronal uptake systems
Interaction with MAO ( monoamine oxidase )
Interaction with COMT ( cathechol – O – methyl transferase )

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14
Q

What drugs are used in cardiac arrest

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine and Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol)

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15
Q

What drugs are used in anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

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16
Q

What drug causes tremors, dysrhythmia and tachycardia

A

Salbutamol

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17
Q

What drug is used in nasal congestion

A

Phenylephrine

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18
Q

What drug is used during branchospasms

A

Isoprenaline

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19
Q

What drug is used during premature labour

A

Sabutamol

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20
Q

What drugs are used in asthma

A

Epinephrine, Salbutamol

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21
Q

What drugs are alpha/beta agonists

A

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

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22
Q

What drugs are used in cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

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23
Q

What is the main action of Isoprenaline

A

Beta agonist (non-selective)

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24
Q

What is the main action of Dobutamine

A

B1 agonist

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25
Q

What is the main action of Salbutamol

A

B2 agonist

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26
Q

What is the main action of Phenylephrine

A

Alpha1 agonist

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27
Q

What 3 drugs are indirectly acting on sympathomimetic agents

A

Tyramine, Amphetamine, Ephedrine

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28
Q

What drug can be found in ripe cheeses, and concentrated yeast products

A

Tyramine

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29
Q

What drug can be used for nasal congestion that belongs in the drugs that indirectly act on sympathomimetic agents

A

Ephedrine

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30
Q

What is the main action of Tyramine

A

NA release

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31
Q

What is the main action of Amphetamine

A

NA release, MAOI, NET inhibitor, CNS stimulant

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32
Q

What are the adverse effects of tyramine

A

Hypertension, Vasconstriction

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33
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ampthetamine

A

Hypertension, Tahycardia, Insomnia, Dependence

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34
Q

What drug is an indirectly acting on sympathomimetic agents, that is used as a treatment for Hyperactivity, Appetite suppressant, narcolepsy and abuse potential

A

Amphetamine

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35
Q

Where is Tyramine normally metabolized

A

gut wall and liver

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36
Q

What inhibitor allows tyramine to be absorbed

A

Monamine Oxidase inhibitors

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37
Q

What effect does Tyramine have on the body

A

Enhances sympathetic effects- Acute hypertension

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38
Q

What drug is used to treat hypertension, especially in pregancy

A

Methyldopa

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39
Q

What drug affects NA synthesis

A

Methyldopa

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40
Q

What is the main action of Methyldopa

A

Stimulates central presynaptic alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and inhibits release of NA

41
Q

What are the adverse effects of Methyldopa

A

Hypotension and drowsiness

42
Q

What drug is used to treat Hypertension (obsolete)

43
Q

What drug is used to treat depression

A

Imipramine

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of Imipramine

A

Anti-cholinergic

45
Q

What is the main action of Imipramine

A

Blocks Neuronal transporter (NET)

46
Q

What is the main action of cocaine

A

Blocks NET
CNS stimulant
Local Anaesthetic

47
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs are used for hypertension

A

Prazosin, Propranolol, Metaprolol

48
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist drug is used for Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin

49
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist drug is used for Pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

50
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs are used for Angina, and Arrhythmias

A

Propanolol

Metoprolol

51
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist drug is used for the treatment of anxiety

A

Propanolol

52
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist, gives the side effects of Bronchoconstriction

A

Propanolol

53
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist, gives the side effects of Orthostatic Hypotension

A

Tamsulosin

54
Q

What adrenoreceptor antagonist, gives the side effects of Postural Hypotension and nasal congestion

55
Q

What is the main action of Prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

56
Q

What is the main action of Tamsulosin

A

alpha 1A antagonist

57
Q

What is the main action of Phentolamine

A

Alpha antagonist (non-selective)

58
Q

What is the main action of Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha antagonist (non-selective)

59
Q

What is the main action of propranolol

A

Beta antagonist (non-selective)

60
Q

What is the main action of metoprolol

A

Beta1 Antagonist

61
Q

What are the mixed alpha/beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Carvedilol

Labetalol

62
Q

What are the mixed adverse effects of carvedilol

A

Postural hypotension, nasal congestion

63
Q

What is the use of Carvedilol

A

Hypertension

Heart Failure

64
Q

What is the use of Labetalol

A

Hypertension

65
Q

What are the 3 sympathetic receptors on the blood vessels

A

alpha 1, alpha 2, beta2

66
Q

What are the effects of:
alpha1
Alpha 2
Beta 2

A

Vasoconstriction: Increase Bp
Very little on BV so no effect on Bp
Vasodilation: Decrease Bp

67
Q

What are the parasympathetic receptors on blood vessels

A

M3 receptors

68
Q

What type of drugs do M3 receptors respond to

A

Cholinergic Drugs

69
Q

What are the effects of M3 receptors

A

Vasodilation and reduction in BP

70
Q

True or false, Phenylephrine, decreases heart rate

A

true, via Baroreceptor reflex

71
Q

What two drugs is used in the treatment of nasal congestion through alpha1 receptors

A

Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline
Naphazoline
Xylometazoline

72
Q

Explain the decongestant effect of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

A

Stimulates alpha 1 receptors on the the nasal mucosa causing vasoconstriction of local vessels, which decreases the mucosal edema

73
Q

What are the non-selective alpha 1 antagonists on blood vessels

A

Phentolamine

Phenoxybenzamine

74
Q

What are the selective alpha 1 antagonists on blood vessels

A

Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin

75
Q

How do Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists effect blood vessels

A

Inhibit stimulation of Vascular alpha 1 receptors and produce vasodilation.
This decreases blood pressure, hence increasing heart rate

76
Q

What drugs are B2 Adrenergic Agonists

A 
Epinephrine (low doses)
Isoproternol/ Isoprenaline (nonselective agonists)
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Terbutaline (Selective Agonists)
77
Q

What are the effects of B2 adrenergic agonists on blood vessels

A

Vasodilation, Decrease in Bp reflex HR increases

78
Q

What are B2 adrenergic Agonists used for mainly, considering its adverse effects are an increase in heart rate

A

Bronchial Asthma

79
Q

What are some examples of B2 adrenergic Antagonists

A 
Propranolol
Nadolol
(non selective)
80
Q

How does B2 Adrenergic Antagonists effect blood vessels

A

Reverses B2 agonists mediating a fall in blood pressure

81
Q

What are the M3 receptor agonists

A

Acetylcholine

Bethanechol

82
Q

What are the adverse effects of M3 receptor agonists

A

Low blood pressure

Hypotension

83
Q

What are the M3 receptor Antagonists

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

84
Q

What effect does Muscarinic Atagonist have on the body

A

inhibits a fall in Bp

85
Q

True or False, atropine and Scopolamine give no effect when give alone

86
Q

True or False, Large doses of Atropine (Above therapeutic dose) releases histamine from mast cell, thereby decreasing BP

87
Q

What drug is used in short treatment of impaired cardiac function after cardiac surgery

A

Dobutamine

88
Q

True or false, the tone of smooth muscles of trachea and bronchioles in regulated by the parasympathetic system

89
Q

What hormone is also used to regulate smooth muscles of trachea and bronchioles

A

Epinephrine released from Adrenal Medulla

90
Q

True or False, Secretion of the mucous glands are controlled by both divisions of the ANS

91
Q

What are the effects of M3 agonists on the respiratory system

A

Causes Vasoconstricton, which increases the secretion of mucus in the respiratory tract, thereby increasing resistance

92
Q

What are effects of M3 antagonists on the respiratory system

A

Inhibiition of secretions of mucus thereby limiting resistance

93
Q

What two drugs are M3 antagonists of the respiratory system

A

Atropine, Ipratropium bromide

94
Q

What two drugs are M3 agonists

A

Acetylcholine, Bethanechol

95
Q

What two diseases are treated by Ipatropium Bromide

A

Asthma, COPD

96
Q

What are the effects of B2 Adrenergic agonists on the respiratory system

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation and decreased airway resistance

97
Q

What are B2 Agonists used to treat

A

Bronchial asthma

98
Q

What B2 antagonist can cause asthmatic attack in susceptible subjects

A

Propranolol

Neuroscience (1206) (17 decks)

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