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Neuroscience (1206) > Autonomic Disorders And Autonomic Functions Tests > Flashcards

Autonomic Disorders And Autonomic Functions Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What type of response is given when standing erect initiates an orthostatic mechanisms to maintain the mean BP

A

Postural Response

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2
Q

Postural changes can be stimulated by a

A

Tilt table

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3
Q

In the lower body negative body pressure , air is evacuated and pressure is reduced in a box enclosing

A

The lower body below the iliac crest

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4
Q

What are some advantages of the tilt table

A

Physiological measurements can be made

70 degrees Head-up tilt produces a rapid caudal shift of 500-700ml thoracic venous blood

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5
Q

True or False, the SV increases upon standing

A

False it decreases

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6
Q

True or false, SV and CO decreases upon standing, according to the tilt table

A

true

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7
Q

By how much does SV and CO increase according to the tilt able

A

40%, 15-20%

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8
Q

True or false, Heart rate decreases upon standing

A

False, it increases

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9
Q

By how much does heart rate increase according to the tilt table

A

20%

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10
Q

By how much does the total physiological response increase

A

40%

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11
Q

The Valsalva Manœvre was originally used to inflate the middle ear via

A

Estachian tubes

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12
Q

What is the function of the Valsalva Manœvre

A

Assess ANS Responsiveness to circulatory changes

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13
Q

What is the Valsava Manœvre method

A

Subject closes mouth and nose, then expires forcibly against a 40mmHg resistance for 15 seconds

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14
Q

In the Valsava Manœvre, Pressure inside which 2 passages increases

A

Pharynx and lungs

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15
Q

In the Valsava Manœvre, the increase in the two passages, results in a sudden increase in which 3 pressures

A

Intrathoracic, Intra-abdominal and CSF

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16
Q

In the Valsava Manœvre, What valves shut preventing blood flow to the vena cava

A

Peripheral Venous Valves

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17
Q

In the Valsava Manœvre,, Blood accumulates in which veins

A

Peripheral veins

18
Q

In the Valsava Manœvre,, the Aortic flow falls to ________ of normal

A

50%

19
Q

What occurs in Phase 1 of Valsava Manœvre

A

Heart Rate Decreases, Due to an increase in arterial pressure because the intrathoracic pressure adds to the aortic pressure

20
Q

What occurs in Phase 2 of Valsava Manœvre,

A

Reflex Tachycardia + TPR increases

Compression of the veins prevents venous return, cardiac filling decreases and MAP falls

21
Q

What occurs in Phase 3 of Valsava Manœvre,

A

Heart Rate Increases

Glottis opens, Blood Pressure falls due to sudden fall in intrathoracic pressure

22
Q

What occurs in Phase 4 of Valsava Manœvre,

A

Rapid Bradycardia

Blood Presure rebounds due to rapid venous return

23
Q

Abnomal Valsalva Responses, usually occurs in persons with what disease

A

Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension

24
Q

Abnomal Valsalva causes ______ in Phases 2 and ______ in phase 4

A

Fall in BP

Abscence of overshoot and Bradycardia in Phase 4

25
Q

What type of wave is present in persons with Hypertensive Heart Failure

A

Square Wave

Very little change in Heart Rate

26
Q

In high temperatures, animals lose heat by:

A

Sweating

Vasodilation

27
Q

In low temperature, animals try to conserve heat by

A

Vasoconstriction
Piloerection (Horripilation)
Shivering

28
Q

What test is used to measure ANS testing

A

Cold Pressor Test

29
Q

Describe the method of the Cold Pressor Test

A

Place one limb in cold water and meaure the blood flow in the other limb

30
Q

How is blood flow measured in the cold pressor test

A

Venous Occlusion Plethysmography

31
Q

What hormones are released from the sympathetic nervous system as a result of cool temperatures

A

NE, E

32
Q

What part of the hypothalamus detects heat productions and regulate heat loss

A

Anterior

33
Q

What disease mainly affects women, which causes increased hypersensitivity to small decreases in temperature

A

Raynauds disease

34
Q

What part of the body is Raynauds disease mainly seen

A

fingers

35
Q

What is a symptom of Raynaud’s disease

A

Ischemia and severe pain

36
Q

True or false, Ischemic pain persists for several minutes

A

true

37
Q

What causes an increase in pain for patients with Raynauds disease

A

Sudden massive increase in blood flow due to vasodilation which causes severe reddening

38
Q

How is Raynauds disease treated

A

Cut the sympathetic chain T2-T3 -Fingers
Lumbar Sympathectomy at L2’ L3 - Lower limbs
Stellate ganglion block- cerebral circulation

39
Q

What is commonly used to treat excessive sweating

A

Sympathectomy

40
Q

Why are Ganglionic blockades preferred

A

To prevent Denervation Supersensitivity

Neuroscience (1206) (17 decks)

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