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Neurological, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disease > Drugs in the management of ask disorders > Flashcards

Drugs in the management of ask disorders Flashcards

Week 3

1
Q

Osteoporosis:

A

Reduced bone density

Osteoclasts > Osteoblasts

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2
Q

What does oestrogen inhibit in the body?

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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3
Q

Which are multinucleated: osteoblasts or osteoclasts?

A

Osteoclasts

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4
Q

Osteoclasts are found where in the bone?

A

Lacunae

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5
Q

3 things osteoblasts produce:

A
  1. Rank-L
  2. M-CSF (macrophage-colony stimulating factor)
  3. OPG (oestroproterigin)
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6
Q

OPG is also known as…

A

Osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor

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7
Q

What does RANK-L do?

A

Binds to osteoclast precursor causing its activation

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8
Q

What is the osteoclast ceiling zone marked by?

A

Integrins

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9
Q

Bisphosphonates have 2 R groups, what are their functions?

A 
R1 = mode of action, nitrogen-containing or non-nitrogen containing 
R2 = pharmacokinetics
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10
Q

BPs reduce osteoclast activity by (3):

A
  1. Reduce osteoclast progenitor development
  2. Reduce osteoclast recruitment
  3. Increase osteoclast apoptosis
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11
Q

Widest side-effect of BP therapy:

A

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

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12
Q

SERM =

A

Selective-oestrogen receptor modulator

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13
Q

Raloxifene, tamoxifen =

A

SERM

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14
Q

Calcitonin MOA =

A

Elevates osteoblast activity

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15
Q

PTH MOA =

A

Increase osteoblast activity

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16
Q

How can RA be targeted?

A 
NSAIDs
Steroids
DMARDs
Biological agents
Immunosuppression (severe disease)
17
Q

Name a chronic adverse effect of long-term steroid use:

A

Cushing’s syndrome due to prolonged exposure to cortisol.

18
Q

Name 3 DMARDs used in RA:

A

Hydroxycholorquine
Methotrexate
Sulfaslszine

19
Q

What do you need to take with methotrexate?

A

Folic acid supplement

20
Q

When can you not take methotrexate?

A

Pregnant (teratogenic)

21
Q

What else if sulphasalazine used to treat?

A

Crohns disease

22
Q

Side effect of sulphasalazine

A

Lowers sperm count

23
Q

What else is chloroquine used to treat?

A

malaria

24
Q

Name some biologic therapies for RA:

A

Adlimumab
Etanercept
Ingliximab
Rituximab

25
Q

Adalimumab =

A

Anti-TNF alpha drug.

26
Q

Name 2 ‘agents of last resort’ used in RA:

A
  1. Cyclophophamide

2. Ciclosporin

27
Q

Hydroxyapetite =

A

Ca2+ and PO4-

28
Q

Bone is arranged in

A

Osteons

29
Q

Blood in osteons =

A

Haversian canals and volkmanns canals

Neurological, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disease (22 decks)

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