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Socio-Cultural > Drugs and Doping in Sport > Flashcards

Drugs and Doping in Sport Flashcards

1
Q

Ethics

A

Rules that dictate an individuals conduct

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2
Q

Deviance

A

Unacceptable behaviour

Often result of drive to win / ‘win at all costs’

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3
Q

Blood Doping

Method/Process

A
  • Remove 2 pints 4 weeks before comp
  • Freeze blood
  • Blood replenishes in athlete
  • Inject back in 2 hours before event
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4
Q

Blood Doping

Positive Side Effects

A
  • ^ RBC
  • ^ volume of haemoglobin
  • ^ O2 transportation to working muscles
  • = ^ performance
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5
Q

Blood Doping

Negative Side Effects

A
  • ^ blood viscosity
  • ^ risk of heart attack
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Cerebral embolism
  • Stroke
  • Infections / blood-borne diseases
  • Allergic reaction
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6
Q

Blood Doping

Most commonly used by…

A

Endurance athletes

Long distance runners / cyclists

(e.g. Lance Armstrong)

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7
Q

Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs)

A

Used to enhance performance illegally

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8
Q

Examples of PEDs

A
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Beta blockers
  • Stimulants
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9
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Enable train harder, longer and often lead to ^ strength & aggression

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10
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Help control HR and keep athlete calm

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10
Q

Stimulants

A

Work as a brain stimulant which ^ alertness

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11
Q

Other prohibited classes of substances

A
  • Narcotic analgesics
  • Anabolic agents
  • Diuretics
  • Peptide hormones, mimetics & analogues
  • Substances with anti-oestrogenic activity
  • Masking agents
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12
Q

Prohibited methods

A
  • Enhancement of O2 transfer
  • Blood doping
  • Administration of products that enhance uptake, transport and delivery of O2
  • Pharmacological, chemical or physical manipulation
  • Gene doping
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13
Q

Classes of prohibited substances in certain circumstances

A
  • Alcohol
  • Cannabinoids
  • Local anaesthetics
  • Glucocorticsteroids
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14
Q

Legal supplements

A

Maximise training/performance legally

In addition to normal diet

Freely available but some based on questionable/conflicting research

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15
Q

Safety of legal supplements

A

Little known about long term effect of dome dietary substances

Prolonged use could be causing damage to health

16
Q

Examples of legal supplements

A
  • Creatine
  • Carbohydrate powders/gels
  • Glucosamine
  • Melatonin
  • Sports energy bars/drinks
  • Specific vitamins & minerals
17
Q

Advantages of Legal Supplements

Dietary supplements

A
  • Include sports drinks / vitamins
  • Improve general health & well-being
  • Help build muscle
  • ^ stamina
  • Weight control
18
Q

Advantages of Legal Supplements

Ergogenic Aids

A

^ strength, performance & recovery

19
Q

Advantages of Legal Supplements

Hydration

A
  • Hydration essential to exercise
  • Dehydration detrimental
  • Energy drinks contain electrolytes (sodium) –> stimulate thirst so encourage drinking & enhance body ability to hold water
  • Carbs in energy drinks give extra energy & provide extra protein (prevent muscle loss)
20
Q

Disadvantages of legal supplements

A
  • Could contain banned substances / be contaminated
  • Long term health implications
  • High sugar content (e.g. drinks)
  • Not everyone has access so not fair
  • Purists argue simple training & normal balanced diet = make level playing field
21
Q

Reasons elite performers use PEDs & doping

A
  • Pressure to succeed from coaches/family/themselves –> can affect judgement/decision making
  • Political pressure (politicians want nation to succeed)
  • Monetary rewards for winning / Lucrative sponsorship deals
  • ‘Everyone else takes them so why shouldn’t I’
22
Q

Societal consequences of drug taking

A

Society seen as corrupt and full of unethical citizens who will do anything to ‘win at all costs’

23
Q

Sporting consequences of drug taking

A
  • Concept of fair play is severely challanged
  • Cheating
  • Sports become tainted struggling to gain sponsors
24
Q

Performer’s consequences of drug taking

A
  • Severe dangers to health & well being
  • Possible death
25
Q

Strategies to stop use of illegal drugs & doping

A
  • WADA draws up list of banned substances
  • Drug testing in and out of comp season
  • Drug education
  • Culture of keeping sport drug free should be created & reinforced
  • Punishments for drug use more rigorous & longer –> WADA doubled the ban in 2015
26
Q

WADA

A
  • Independant body formed by IOC in 1999
  • Responsible for drug testing
  • Draws up list of banned substances
  • Provides assistance to countries’ own anti-doping programmes & funds research

Socio-Cultural (31 decks)

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