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NUR 408 Pharmacotherapeutics > Drugs and Classes > Flashcards

Drugs and Classes Flashcards

1
Q

desloratadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker

well-tolerated, longer duration

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

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2
Q

codeine

A

weakest opioid, cough supressant

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

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3
Q

disulfiram

A

alcohol abstinence

“makes you want to DIE” w/any ETOH consumption: N/V, hypoTN, diaphoresis, headache, palpitations

contraindicated for CV pts d/t palpitations

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4
Q

prednisone

A

oral glucocorticoid

CUSHINGOID

adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

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5
Q

epinephrine

A

anaphylaxis, combined w/local anesthetic

increases HR, BP, contractile force, bronchodilates, vasoconstricts

effects last 10-20mins

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6
Q

fentanyl

A

opioid - strongest

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

patch changed q72h

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7
Q

hydrocodone w/acetaminophen

A

opioid

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

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8
Q

paroxetine

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

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9
Q

bupropion

A

misc anti-depressant for nicotine cessation - inhibits reuptake of DA, NE

increased libido, weight loss, anxiety, insomnia

contraindication for epileptic pts

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10
Q

amphetamine/dextramphetamine

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD

5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia

avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants

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11
Q

mometasone

A

nasal glucocorticoid

1 wk onset

drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis

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12
Q

buspirone

A

slow onset anti-anxiety 5HT/DA

no abuse potential, not CNS depressant, no w/drawal

avoid: grapefruit d/t CYP inducer–>toxicity

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13
Q

olanzapine

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s

metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

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14
Q

amitriptyline

A

TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN

contraindicated for pt’s w/CV dz, seizures

blue urine

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15
Q

donepezil

A

Alzheimer’s - increases acetylcholine

GI (common), bradychardia (rare), hypoTN

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16
Q

duloxetine

A

anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

SNRI 5 s’s plus HTN

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17
Q

pregabalin

A

technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain

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18
Q

chlorpromazine

A

FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways

EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN

neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles

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19
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

antispasmodic

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20
Q

levalbuterol

A

short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma/COPD

tachycardia, tremors

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21
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation

may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory

hepatotoxic, addictive

avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

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22
Q

albuterol

A

short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma

tachycardia, tremors

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23
Q

celecoxib

A

NSAID - COX 2 inhibitor only

extremely increased risk of heart attack and stroke

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24
Q

fluoxetine

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, NOT sedating (only SSRI that’s activating!!)

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25
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

combined w/activated charcoal and IV fluids to combat aspirin toxicity

increases blood pH (more basic)

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26
Q

naloxone

A

strong opioid antagonist for opioid OD

decreases cravings and pleasure associated w/ETOH ingestion

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27
Q

benztropine

A

Parkinson’s

anticholinergic, sedative

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28
Q

cetirizine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker

well-tolerated, longer duration

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

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29
Q

diazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, antispasmotic , alcohol cessation

may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory

hepatotoxic, addictive

avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

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30
Q

sumatriptan

A

migraine abortive, serotonin 1B/1D vasoconstrictor

chest pain, arm heavy

avoid: other ergot alkaloids (migraine meds), antidepressants

contraindicated for pt w/hx CV dz d/t

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31
Q

fexofenadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker

well-tolerated, longer duration

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

least sedation 2nd gen

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32
Q

alprazolam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety

may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory

hepatotoxic, addictive

avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

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33
Q

beclomethasone

A

inhaled glucocorticoid for asthma/COPD

oral candidiasis

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34
Q

phenelzine

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)

HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN

avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

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35
Q

haloperidol

A

FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways

EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN

neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles

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36
Q

trazodone

A

misc anti-depressant for insomnia

anticholinergic, sedative, “trazerect”

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37
Q

dantrolene

A

antispasmodic, malignant hyperthermia antidote muscle weaken by decrease Ca2+

hepatotoxicity

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38
Q

escitalopram

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

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39
Q

buprenorphine

A

opioid “substitution” for cessation partial agonist

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40
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID

GI, renal impairment

DECREASED risk of heart attack and stroke d/t decreased platelet aggregation

antiplatelet occurs at low dose, lasts 8 days

contraindicated for children! except w/Kawasaki dz

toxicity: tinnitus, diaphoresis, headache, acidic blood–>Kussmal resp

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41
Q

methylphenidate

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD

5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia

avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants

42
Q

gabapentin

A

technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain

sedation, ataxia

43
Q

methadone

A

opioid “substitution” for cessation agonist

44
Q

latanoprost

A

glaucoma, prostaglandin analog

limited systemic effects

increased pigmentation of iris and/or eyelids

45
Q

selegiline

A

Parkinson’s MAO-B inhibitor

avoid tyramine, antidepressants, meperidine

46
Q

levetiracetam

A

anti-epileptic

less side effects than other antiepileptics

47
Q

varenicline

A

nicotine cessation - partial agonist at nicotinic receptors to reduce reward of nicotine

N (common), suicidal ideation (rare)!!

48
Q

lorazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation

may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory

hepatotoxic, addictive

avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

49
Q

diphenhydramine

A

antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker

sedation, anticholinergic

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

50
Q

lidocaine/prilocaine topical

A

local anesthetic

1h onset

51
Q

levothyroxine

A

synthetic T4 for hypothyroidism

increased HR and BP, insomnia (best taken AM), anxiety, weight loss, diaphoresis

NTI

52
Q

oxycodone w/acetaminophen

A

opioid

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

53
Q

fluticasone

A

nasal glucocorticoid, asthma/COPD

1 wk onset

drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis if nasal

dry mouth, oral candidiasis if inhaled

54
Q

ibuprofen

A

NSAID

GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke

55
Q

memantine

A

Alzheimer’s - control glutamate

moderate to late stages

well-tolerated

56
Q

meperidine

A

opioid

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

up to 48hr use d/t seizures!!!!

57
Q

tranylcypromine

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)

HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN

avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

58
Q

sertraline

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

59
Q

risperidone

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s

metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

60
Q

desmopressin

A

diabetes insipidus PO, intranasal, IV

headache d/t overhydration

61
Q

methylprednisolone

A

oral glucocorticoid

CUSHINGOID

adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

62
Q

naltrexone

A

alcohol abstinence - opioid agonist reduces cravings, buzz

63
Q

prednisolone

A

oral glucocorticoid

CUSHINGOID

adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

64
Q

tiotropium

A

long-acting anticholinergic mainly for COPD

dry mouth

65
Q

clonazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety

may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory

hepatotoxic, addictive

avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

66
Q

lithium

A

mood stabilizer

take w/food to prevent GI upset

NTI: <1.5 mEq/L

toxic at LOW sodium levels or w/strenuous exercise

toxic signs ACNE: ataxia, coarse tremors, moderate N/V/D, ears ringing “tinnitus”

common side effects: fine hand tremors, mild N/D, polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain

67
Q

valproic acid

A

anti-epileptic, take w/food

GI, hepatotoxicity

68
Q

ketorolac

A

NSAID - pain relief similar to morphine

5 day maximum rx; if longer –> GI ulcer/renal impairment

increased risk of heart attack and stroke

69
Q

dexamethasone

A

IV glucocorticoid

CUSHINGOID

adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

70
Q

nortriptyline

A

TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN

contraindicated for pt’s w/CV dz, seizures

71
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

Parkinson’s 2nd line of defense

anticholinergic, sedative

72
Q

selegiline transdermal

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)

HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN

avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

73
Q

flumenazil

A

antidote for benzodiazepine OD

74
Q

hydroxyzine

A

antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker

sedation, anticholinergic

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

75
Q

atomoxetine

A

CNS stimulant - increases NE only, ADHD

low abuse potential: mainly used for pts w/hx drug abuse

increased risk of suicide, weight loss, hepatotoxic

76
Q

carbamazepine

A

anti-epileptic, neuropathic pain, mood stabilizer

bone marrow suppressor (RBC, WBC, platelets decreased), steven johnsons rash

interactions: warfarin, grapefruit juice, oral contraceptives

77
Q

baclofen

A

antispasmodic

do not abruptly stop! –>hallucination, seizure

78
Q

vasopressin

A

diabetes insipidus - IV only, vasoconstriction

headache, chest pain d/t vasoconstriction

79
Q

hydromorphone

A

opioid

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

80
Q

salmeterol

A

long term beta2 agonist COPD meds

tachycardia, tremors

81
Q

levodopa/carbidopa

A

Parkinson’s

most effective; carbodopa increases levodopa efficacy

avoid: protein, B6, pyridoxine

82
Q

lidocaine/epinephrine

A

local anesthetic, vasocontrictor

epinephrine extends duration

avoid: phalanges, nose, “hose”
systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma

83
Q

acetylcysteine

A

antidote for acetaminophen OD - replaces glutathione

84
Q

formeterol

A

long term beta2 agonist COPD meds

tachycardia, tremors

85
Q

ipatropium

A

short term anticholinergic mainly for COPD

dry mouth

86
Q

isocarboxazid

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)

HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN

avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

87
Q

clozapine

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors, 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s

metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

agranulocytosis

88
Q

lamotrigine

A

anti-epileptic

“Stevens-Johnson” rash

“low and slow” dosage required

89
Q

activated charcoal

A

drug overdose

lipid soluble meds best absorped

don’t give w/milk products

may give prophylactic antinausea med

pt must be awake/alert to avoid aspiration

90
Q

venlafaxine

A

anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

SNRI 5 s’s plus HTN

91
Q

aripripazole

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s

metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

92
Q

lisdexamfetamine

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD

5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia

avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants

93
Q

phenytoin

A

anti-epileptic

NTI: 10-20

gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism vitamin, D and K interference

IV infiltration causes purple glove syndrome

94
Q

loratadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker

well-tolerated, longer duration

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

95
Q

naproxen

A

NSAID

GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke

96
Q

promethazine

A

antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker

sedation, anticholinergic

avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

used for car sickness b/c decreases N

97
Q

timolol

A

glaucoma beta-adrenergic blocker

bradychardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction

contraindicated for pts w/CV dz and/or asthma

98
Q

acetaminophen

A

similar to NSAID - fever, pain reduced only

3-4g daily maximum dose

hepatotoxic

99
Q

brimonidine

A

glaucoma, alpha-adrenergic agonist

hypotension, drowsiness d/t cross BBB

100
Q

lidocaine

A

local anesthetic w/ short duration

systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma

101
Q

morphine

A

opioid

respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention

toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress

do not give if RR<12

avoid: ETOH, benzos

NUR 408 Pharmacotherapeutics (22 decks)

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