Drug quiz 1 Flashcards
0.9% NaCl brand name
Normal saline
saline classification
isotonic crystalloid solution
saline MOA
volume, water, electrolyte replacement
saline onset of action
immediate
saline peak effects
immediate
saline duration of effect
until excretion
saline half life
n/a
saline indications
dehydration, hypovolemia, DKA
saline contraindications
hypertension, pulmonary edema
saline side effects
pulmonary edema in Pt’s w/ CHF
saline dose adult
200-250cc until BP>100, max dose 2000cc
saline pedi dose
20cc/kg for >1 mos; 10cc/kg for <1 mos
saline precautions
depletion of other electrolytes, consider dopamine if hypotension persists after 2000cc
saline drug interactions
none
5% dextrose in water brand name
D5W
D5W classification
hypotonic dextrose containing solution
D5W MOA
provides sugar
D5W onset of action
varies
D5W peak effects
N/A
D5W duration of effect
N/A
D5W half life
N/A
D5W indications
dilution of concentrated IV meds
D5W contraindications
hypovolemia requiring volume replacement, Pt w/ head injury or stroke
D5W side effects/adverse reactions
rare/none
D5W dose adult/pedi
KVO
D5W precautions
venous irritation, extravasation may cause tissue necrosis, monitor for circulatory overload
D5W drug interactions
do not use with dilantin or inocor
Lactated Ringer’s brand name
Hartmann’s solution
Ringer’s classification
isotonic crystalloid solution
Ringer’s MOA
volume, water, electrolyte replacement
Ringer’s onset of action
immediate
Ringer’s peak effects
immediate
Ringer’s duration of effect
varies depending upon disease process
Ringer’s half-life
N/A
Ringer’s indications
hypovolemia, burns
Ringer’s contraindications
CHF or renal failure, hypersensitivity to sodium lactate
Ringer’s side effects
pulmonary edema in Pt’s with CHF
Ringer’s adult dose
wide open until systolic>100, then 100ml/hr
Ringer’s pedi dose
20cc/kg
Ringer’s precautions
monitor for circulatory overload
Ringer’s interactions
additive effects with K sparing drugs, may cause hyperkalemia
Diazepam trade name
Valium
Diazepam classification
anticonvulsant/sedative/benzo/anxiolytic
diazepam MOA
positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors
Diazepam onset of action
1-5 min IV, 15-30 min IM
Diazepam peak effects
10 min IV, 30-45 min IM
Diazepam duration of effect
15-60 min
Diazepam half life
20-50 hrs
Diazepam indications
seizures, anxiety, pre-med for cardioversion
Diazepam contraindications
hypersensitivity
Diazepam side effects
hypotension, tachycardia, hallucinations, drowsiness, HA, amnesia, respiratory depression, blurred vision, N+V
Diazepam adult dose (anxiety)
2-5mg IV
Diazpeam adult seizure dose
5-10mg IV
Diazepam adult amnesia dose
5-15mg IV
Diazepam PEDI dose
0.1-0.2mg/kg IV, max dose of 5mg
Diazepam Precautions
venous irritation, don’t push faster than 1ml/min, have benzo antagonist available
Diazpeam drug interactions
additive effects with CNS depressents and alcohol
Lorazepam trade name
Ativan
Lorazepam drug class
anticonvulsant/sedated/hypnotic/benzo
Lorazepam MOA
positive allosteric modultar for GABAa receptors
Lorazepam onset of action
1-5 min IV, 15-30 IM
Lorazepam peak effects
15-20 min IV, 2 hr IM
Lorazepam duration of effect
6-8 hrs
Lorazepam half life
10-20 hrs
Lorazepem indications
seizures/anxiety/cardioversion
Lorazepam contraindications
hypersensitivity
Lorazepam side effects
hypotension, drowsiness, HA, amnesia, respiratory depression, blurred vision, N+V
Lorazepam adult dose
0.5mg-2mg IV, 1-4 mg IM (0.1mg/kg)
Lorazepam pedi dose
0.05 mg/kg IV
Lorazepam precautions
have benzo antagonist available
Lorazepam interactions
additive effects with CNS depressants and alcohol
Midazolam trade name
Versed
Midazolam drug classification
benzo/anticonvulsant/sedative/hypnotic
Midazolam MOA
positive allosteric modulator for GABAa receptors
Midazolam onset of action
3-5 min IV, 15 min IM
Midazolam peak effects
20-60 min
Midazolam duration of effect
<2 hrs IV, 1-6 hours IM
Midazolam half life
1-4 hrs
Midazolam indications
seizure, pre-medication for cardioversion and TCP, post intubation sedation
Midazolam contraindications
Hx of narrow angle glaucoma, shock, depressed vitals, alcoholic coma
Midazolam side effects
laryngospasm, bronchospasm, dyspnea, respiratory depression/arrest, drowsiness, amnesia, AMS, tachycardia, bradycardia, PVC’s, retching
Midazolam adult dose
2-5mg (0.5mg/kg) IV slow
Medazolam pedi dose
0.2 mg/kg slow iV, max dose of 10
Midazolam precautions
have resuscitative equipment available, increased risk of respirator depression/arrest, have benzo antagonist available
Midazolam drug interactions
additive effects with CNS depressants and alcohol
Saline pedi dose for cardiogenic shock
5-10cc/kg