Drug Quiz 3 Flashcards
nitroglycerin trade name
nitrostat
nitrostat generic name
nitroglycerin
nitro drug class
vasodilator/nitrate
nitro MOA
pro-drug converted to nitric oxide, reduces intracellular Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle muscle, decreases cardiac preload and afterload
nitro onset of effect
1-3 min SL; 30 min topical
nitro peak effects
5-10 min SL; varies topically
nitro duration of effect
20-30 min SL; 3-6 hrs topically
nitro half life
1-4 min
nitro indications
chest pain associated with angina or MI, pulmonary edema/CHF
nitro contraindications
hypotension, ICP, children under 12, ED drugs within last 48 hrs
nitro SE
headache, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension
nitro adult spray dose
.4mg SL q3-5min, (max 3x25min)
nitro adult paste dose
0.5-1 inch
nitro adult tablet
0.4mg SL
nitro precautions
check vitals and 12 lead before and after, expect HA, use EXTREME CAUTION if R-sided MI
nitro drug interactions
orthostatic hypertension w/ b-blockers, severe hypotension with alcohol
oxygen drug class
gas
oxygen MOA
cells use it for breakdown of glucose
oxygen onset of action
immediate
oxygen peak effects
<1 min
oxygen duration of effect
<2 min
oxygen half life
n/a
oxygen indications
hypoxia, difficulty breathing, spo2<94%
oxygen contraindications
ROSC post CA w/ sp02>94%; chest pain, MI, cell injury or death with sp02>94%
oxygen side effects
free radicals in presence of injured tissues, causing cell death
oxygen adult dose
2-6L NC, 12-15L NRB, 15L BVM
oxygen CPAP/VENT dose
varies by O2 demand to meet cmH20 requirement
oxygen pedi dose
2-6L NC, 10-15L NRB, 15L BVM
oxygen precautions
avoid hyperoxia; high concentrations to neonates can cause eye damage
oxygen drug interactions
none EMS
furosemide trade name
lasix
lasix generic name
furosemide
lasix drug class
loop diuretic
lasix moa
inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in kidneys, reducing water reasbsorption in descending limb; causes venous dilation and reduces preload
lasix onset of action
5-10 min for vasodilation, 5-30 for diuresis
lasix peak effects
30 min for vasodilation, 20-60 for diuresis
lasix duration of effect
2 hrs for vasodilation, 6 hrs for diuresis
lasix half life
30 min
lasix indications
CHF and pulmonary edema
lasix contraindications
sulfa allergies, renal failure, pregnancy
lasix side effects
hypotension, headache, dizziness, volume depletion
lasix adult dose
40 mg IV; if Pt takes lasix give their dose, if they missed today’s dose double their daily dose
lasix pedi dose
0.5-1mg/kg IV, not for children under 12
lasix precautions
LS and BP before and after, protect from light, may cause dehydration
lasix drug interactions
additive effects with other diuretics; nsaid’s may antagonize effects
epinephrine trade name
adrenalin, epipen
adrenalin, epipen generic name
epinephrine
epi drug class
sympathomimetic/catecholamine
epi moa
a1 agonist - peripheral casoconstriction, b1 agonist - positive inotropy, chronotropy, dromotropy; b2 agonist - bronchodilation; blocks destruction of mast cells
epi onset of action
<2 min iv, 3-10 im
epi peak effects
<5 min iv, 20 min im
epi duration of effect
5-10 min iv; 20-30 min im
epi half life
5 min iv
epi indications
cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, symptomatic bradycardia/hypotension
epi contraindications
HTN and tachydysrhythmias, use caution w/ pregnancy and CAD
epi side effects
anxiety, HA, dysrhythmias, tremulousness
epi adult cardiac arrest dose
0.5-1mg iv [1:10,000] q 3-5min
epi pedi cardiac arrest dose
0.01mg/kg iv [1:10,000] q 3-5min
epi bradycardia/hypotension adult dose
2-10 mcg/min
epi anaphylaxis adult dose
0.3-0.5mg IM/SC [1:1000], then 0.1mg [1:10,000] IV over 3 min
epi pedi anaphylaxis dose
0.01mg/kg IM/SC [1:1,000], then 0.01mg/kg [1:10,000] max of 0.3mg slow IV
epi precautions
protect from light
epi drug interactions
deactivated by alkaline solutions; effect intensified by anti-depressants, forms PPT w/ CaCl2 and NaHCO3
