Drug Quiz 7 Flashcards by Steve Teigers

Glucagon trade

GlucaGen

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GlucaGen generic

Glucagon

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Glucagon class

hormone

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glucagon moa

breaks down glycogen to glucose, increases HR and myocardial contractility, improves AV conduction independent of beta blockade

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glucagon onset

5-20 min

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glucagon peak

30 min

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glucagon duration

1-2 hrs

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glucagon half life

varies

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glucagon indications

hypoglycemia without iv access; beta-blocker/ca channel blocker overose

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glucagon contraindications

none

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glucagon side effects

hypotension, dizziness, nausea, vomitting

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glucagon adult dose

1.0mg IM q 5-20

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glucagon pedi dose

0.03-0.1 mg/kg IM

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Glucagon beta-blocker OD and choking dose

5 mg IV

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glucagon precautions

check BGL before and after, only effective if glycogen stores in liver, caution in Pt’s with cardiovascular and renal disease

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glucagon interactions

few in ems

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thiamine class

vitamin b1

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thiamine action

converts pyruvic acid to acetyl coA in the Krebs cycle allowing for breakdown of glucose to ATP; deficiency leads to Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis

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thiamine onset

rapid

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thiamine peak

varies

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thiamine duration

varies

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thiamine half life

N/A

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thiamine indications

administer with D50 to severe alcoholics to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis

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thiamine contraindications

none

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thiamine side effects

hypotension, restlessness, cardiovascular collapse, pulmonary edema

thiamine adult dose

50-100 mg iv over 5 min

thiamine pedi dose

10-25 mg iv over 5 min

thiamine precautions

give prior to dextrose to facilitate uptake

thiamine interactions

none

50% dextrose in water trade

D50

D50 generic

50% dextrose in water

d50 class

carbohydrate

d50 action

principal form of glucose used by body to create energy

d50 onset

<1 min

d50 peak

varies

d50 duration

varies

d50 half life

n/a

d50 indication

hypoglycemia

d50 contraindications

none

d50 side effects

tissue necrosis and phlebitis at injection site, warmth, pain, or burning at injection site

d50 adult dose

25 g in 50ml IV

d50 pedi dose

dilute 1:1 to make d25 and give 0.5-1.0 g/kg slow IV

d50 precautions

increased ICP, check BGL before and after, administer with 100 mg thiamine if suspected deficiency

d50 interactions

none

metoclopramide trade

reglan

reglan generic

metoclopramide

reglan class

antiemetic

reglan action

dopamine antagonist, sensitizes GI smooth muscle to Ach leading to gastric emptying without increased secretions

reglan onset

1-3 min IV, 10-15 min IM

reglan peak

1-2 hrs

reglan duration

1-3 hr

reglan half life

3-6 hrs

reglan indications

nausea, vomitting

reglan contraindications

hypersensitivity or sulfa allergies, GI bleeding, bowel obstruction or perforation

reglan side effects

dystonia, sedation, drowsiness, bradycardia

reglan adult dose

10-20 mg IM, 10 mg slow IV

reglan pedi dose

1-2 mg/kg

reglan precautions

Pt's with CHF, hypokalemia, renal dysfunction; have benadryl ready for dystonic reaction

reglan interactions

antagonized by anticholinergics, potentiated effects with other CNS depressants

promethazine trade

phenergan

phenergan generic

promethazine

phenergan class

antiemetic

phenergan action

phenothyazine derivative; depression of CTZ in medulla for antiemetic effects

phenergan onset

5 min IV, 20 min IM

phenergan peak

varies

phenergan duration

4-6 hrs

phenergan half life

10-14 hrs

phenergan indications

nausea and vomitting, potentiate analgesics

phenergan contraindications

hypersensitivity, coma

phenergan side effects

dystonia, sedation, drowsiness, bradycardia

phenergan adult dose

12.5-25mg IV/IM

phenergan pedi dose

0.5 mg/kg IV/IM

phenergan precautions

caution with Pt's with impaired hepatic function, asthma, hypertension; have benadryl available for dystonic reactions

phenergan interactions

alcohol and CNS depressants add to CNS depression and anticholinergic effects

ondansetron trade name

zofran

zofran generic name

ondansetron

zofran drug class

anti-emetic

zofran mechanism

serotonin R antagonist, especially at the vagal nerve terminals

zofran onset

10-30 min

zofran peak

unknown

zofran duration

unknown

zofran half-life

4 hrs

zofran indications

nausea/vomitting

zofran contraindications

hypersensitivity

zofran side effects

diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, prolonged QT interval

zofran adult dose

4mg over 2-5 min

zofran pedi dose

0.1mg/kg over 2-5 min

zofran precautions

lower risk of sedation and dystonia than other antiemetics

zofran interactions

may affect clearance and half-life with inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome p-450 enzymes