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Foundations > drug disposition > Flashcards

drug disposition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the fates of drugs in the body ?

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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2
Q

absorption

A

a process by which a drug enters the body from its site of administration

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3
Q

distribution

A

process by which drug leaves circulation and enters the tissues perfused by blood

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4
Q

metabolism

A

process by which tissue enzymes catalyse chemical conversion of a drug to a more polar form that is more readily excreted from the body

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5
Q

excretion

A

process that remove the drug from the body

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6
Q

what factors control drug absorption ?

A

solubility
chemical stability
lipid to water partition coefficient
degree of ionisation

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7
Q

how does solubility control drug absorption ?

A

must dissolve

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8
Q

how does chemical stability control drug absorption ?

A

some drugs may be destroyed by acid

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9
Q

how does lipid to water partition coefficient control drug absorption ?

A

rate of diffusion of drug increases with lipid solubility

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10
Q

how does degree of ionisation control drug absorption ?

A

only unionised form readily diffuse across the lipid bilayer

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11
Q

what does degree of ionisation depend on ?

A

depends upon pKa of the drug and local pH

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12
Q

pKa

A

pH at which 50% of drug is ionised and 50% unionised

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13
Q

what is henderson-hasslbalch ?

A

an equation that determines the pH of a buffer
pH - pKa = log(A-/AH) = acid

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14
Q

what is oral availability ?

A

fraction of drug that reaches the systematic circulation after oral ingestion

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15
Q

what is systemic availability ?

A

fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation after absorption

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16
Q

what are routes of administration for drugs ?

A

enteral
parenteral

17
Q

what are examples of enteral routes ?

A

oral
sublingual
rectal

18
Q

what are examples of parental routes ?

A

intravenous
intramuscular and subcutaneous
inhalation
topical

19
Q

what does systemic circulation allow ?

A

allows drug to be distributed to one or more body fluid compartments

20
Q

are drugs evenly distributed in the body ?

A

no

21
Q

what is the volume of distribution (Vd) ?

A

apparent volume is which drug is dissolved

22
Q

how can you figure out the dose/plasma concentration ?

A

IV - Vd = dose/plasma concentration

Foundations (20 decks)

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