antibiotics

Question 1

what do bactericidal do ?

Answer 1

kill bacteria

Question 2

what do bacteriostatic do ?

Answer 2

inhibit bacterial growth

Question 3

what antibiotics don’t work on the cell wall ?

Answer 3

penicillin
Cephalosporins - ceftriaxone
glycopeptides - vancomycin

Question 4

how do penicillins inhibit cell wall synthesis ?

Answer 4

by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan subunits

Question 5

what is penicillin classed as ?

Answer 5

batericidal

Question 6

what is flucloxacillin ?

Answer 6

gram positive organism
very narrow spectrum antibiotic

Question 7

what is flucloxacillin commonly used for ?

Answer 7

skin and soft tissue infection
wound infection
cellulitis

Question 8

what antibiotics are bactericidal ?

Answer 8

cephalosporins
glycopeptides

Question 9

describe cephalosporins

Answer 9

bactericidal

inhibit cell wall synthesis

may induce clostridium difficile so their use is limited in hospital

Question 10

What is glycopeptides ?

Answer 10

cell wall active antibiotics

Question 11

how does glycopeptides work ?

Answer 11

binds to end of growing chain
prevents cross-linking
weakens bacterial cell wall

Question 12

when does glycipeptides work ?

Answer 12

only active against organisms with gram positive cell walls

Question 13

what antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis ?

Answer 13

macrolides
tetracyclines
aminoglycosides

Question 14

what are examples of macrolides ?

Answer 14

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

Question 15

What are examples of tetacyclines ?

Answer 15

doxyxycline

Question 16

give an example of an aminoglycosides ?

Answer 16

gentamicin

Question 17

are drugs that inhibit protein synthesis bacteriostatic ?

Answer 17

yes, only macrolides and tetracyclines

Question 18

what do macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides have in common ?

Answer 18

antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
attach to bacterial ribesomes

Question 19

what are charecteristics of macrolides ?

Answer 19

lipophilic
pass through cell membranes easily

Question 20

what organisms are aminoglycosides mainly active against ?
give two examples

Answer 20

gram negative aerobic organisms
e.g. coliforms and pseudomonas

Question 21

what can aminoglycosides be classed as ?

Answer 21

bactericidal

Question 22

what is a downside of aminoglycosides ?

Answer 22

very toxic
kidney damage
damage of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

Question 23

what can damage of CN VIII cause ?

Answer 23

deafness and dizziness

Question 24

what antibiotics act on bacterial DNA ?

Answer 24

Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Fluroquinolones

Question 25

how do metronidazole work ?

Answer 25

causes strand breakage of bacterial DNA

Question 26

what do metronidazole treat ?

Answer 26

treat true anaerobic infections

Question 27

how does trimethoprim work ?

Answer 27

inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

Question 28

what do trimethoprim fight against ?

Answer 28

gram negative and gram positive

Question 29

What are example of fluoroquinolones ?

Answer 29

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

Question 30

what do fluoroquinolones prevent ?

Answer 30

supercoiling of bacterial DNA

Question 31

what class are fluroquinolones ?

Answer 31

bactericidal

Question 32

what is a disadvantage of fluoroquinolones ?

Answer 32

restricted use in order to prevent clostridium difficile

Question 33

describe gram positive and gram negative organisms ?

Answer 33

gram positive organisms - cell wall has thick layer of peptidoglycan and a single phospholipid bilayer

gram negative - cell wall has two phospholipid bilayers and a thin layer of peptidoglycan