bacteriology Flashcards
give three examples of gram positive cocci
streptococcus
enterococcus
staphylococcus
what do streptococcus and enterococcus have in common ?
aerobic
cocci chains
describe staphylococcus
cocci clusters
how does a fever occur ?
- Antigen attacks macrophage
- Releases cytokines
- Travel to anterior hypothalamus of the brain
- Stimulates production of prostaglandin E
- Resets body’s thermal set point
- Body perceives it is cold, shivers to conserve heat
- FEVER
describe gram negative cocci
diplococci
aerobic
what can gram negative cocci cause ?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitidis
coliforms
- Gram negative bacilli
- Aerobic but can also be anaerobic
- Gut commensals (E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus )
- Gut pathogens (Salmonella, Shigella, E coli O157)
- Gentamicin is first line antibiotic
strict aerobes
Gram negative bacilli
examples - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Legionella pneumophilia
what are examples of spiral or curved gram negative bacilli
- Campylobacter – food poisoning
- Helicobacter pylori – gastritis
Haemophilus Influenzae
- Small gram negative bacillus
- Common cause of chest infection, especially in COPD exacerbations
Gram positive anaerobic bacilli
- Clostridium spp.
- Part of normal bowel flora
- Produces spores
- Produce exotoxin that cause severe tissue damage
Gram negative anaerobic bacilli
- Bacteroides spp.
- Normal gut commensals, only pathogenic when found in other sites
- Metronidazole is first line treatment for infections caused by anaerobes
Mycobacteria
- Thick waxy outer coat
- Acid fast bacilli or Ziehl Neelson stain
- TB
what do bacteria have regarding their genetics ?
chromosome and plasma
what are the stages of gene transfer in bacteria ?
transformation
conjugation
transduction
