basics of the reproductive system

Question 1

what are gametes ?
(give examples)

Answer 1

a haploid cell
male - spematoza
female - oocyte/ovum

Question 2

where are the reproductive gametes produced ?

Answer 2

male - testes
females - ovaries

Question 3

describe the anatomy of the pelvic cavity ?

Answer 3

located within bony pelvis
continuous with abdominal cavity
between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet

Question 4

what is the location and function of the pelvic floor ?

Answer 4

location - internal wall of skeletal muscle
function - separates pelvic cavity and perineum

Question 5

location of the perineum

Answer 5

inferior to pelvic floor
between proximal parts of lower limb

Question 6

how is the pelvic roof formed ?

Answer 6

formed by parietal peritoneum

Question 7

describe the anatomy of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 7

lining of abdominal cavity
firmly attached to walls
drapes over pelvic viscera

Question 8

what are the accessory reproductive organs (female) ?

Answer 8

uterine tubes
uterus
vagina

Question 9

what are the layers of the body of uterus wall ?

Answer 9

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

Question 10

what words describe the position of the uterus ?

Answer 10

anteverted
anteflexed

Question 11

anteverted

Answer 11

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 12

anteflexed

Answer 12

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 13

what hormones do ovaries produce ?

Answer 13

oestrogen
progesterone

Question 14

when do ovaries produce hormones ?

Answer 14

in response to pituitary hormones

Question 15

where does fertilisation occur ?

Answer 15

ampulla

Question 16

where does implantation occur ?

Answer 16

occurs in the body of the uterus

Question 17

what are the 5 steps of menstruation ?

Answer 17

ova develops in ovaries
one ovum released into peritoneal cavity
ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube
ovum moves along uterine tube by cilia
unfertilised ovum released by contractions of the myometrium

Question 18

describe ectopic pregnancy ?

Answer 18

fertilised ovum implants out with the uterine cavity

Question 19

where does ectopic pregnancy occur ?

Answer 19

tubal pregnancy (97%)
abdominal pregnancy

Question 20

potential danger of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 20

danger of haemorrhage - loss of blood

Question 21

give an example sterilisation

Answer 21

tubal ligation
- blocks the lumen

Question 22

describe the development of the testes ?

Answer 22

originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
descend into the scrotum
through the anterior abdominal wall (inguinial canal)

Question 23

what is the vas (vas deferens) ?

Answer 23

the tube that sperm pass through
follows the testis into the scrotum

Question 24

what connects the testis to (almost) the urethra ?

Answer 24

the vas

Question 25

where is the sperm produced ?

Answer 25

seminiferous tublules

Question 26

what is the journey of sperm once produced ?

Answer 26

sperm passes to rete testis
then to head of epididymis which becomes vas derferens

Question 27

what does the spermatic cord contain ?

Answer 27

vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 28

what happens to the erectile tissue during erection ?

Answer 28

fills with blood at artrial pressure

Question 29

what are accessory reproductive organs (male) ?

Answer 29

vas deferens
seminal glands
prostate gland
penis

Question 30

give an example of male sterilisation

Answer 30

vasectomy
- vas deferens is transected
- lumen sutured and closed