DNA Shape/Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Watson and Crick

A
  • discovered that DNA is a double-helix, in which tow strands are wrapped around each other (twisted ladder)
  • the twisted nature conserves space
  • DNA is polymer
  • backbone of the DNA chain is formed by the sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide
  • the nitrogenous bases stick out and connect in the middle
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2
Q

Nucleotides

A
  • the monomer
  • has three major components:
  • 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose (DNA)
  • phosphate group: these first two make up the sides of the ladder (the backbone of DNA)
  • Nitrogenous bases: the steps of the ladder, purines, pyrimidines
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3
Q

base-pairing

A
  • one purine and one pyrimidine

- bonds in DNA can only form between adenine and thymine (A-T) and between guanine and cytosine (G-C)

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4
Q

hydrogen bonds

A
  • hold the two strands (sides) of the double helix (ladder) together
  • these bonds are sturdy enough to hold things together but breakable when needed
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5
Q

purines

A
  • nucleotides with 2 rings
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
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6
Q

pyyrimidines

A
  • nucleotides with 1 ring
  • Thymine
  • Ctyosine
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