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7-British History > Disraeli Vs Gladstone- Reforms And Policies > Flashcards

Disraeli Vs Gladstone- Reforms And Policies Flashcards

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1
Q

Corrupt and illegal practises act

A

1883
-limit amount of moneyt hat a candidat could spend on election campaigns
-all candidates had to justify every expense
-limit bribery and ‘treating’
-restrict transporting voters

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2
Q

Pros Corrupt and illegal practises act

A

Allegations of illegalisty did drop

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3
Q

Cons Corrupt and illegal practises act

A

Bribery still exist

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4
Q

Secret ballotavt

A

-hustings replaced w/ voters in poling booths
-complete privacy
1872

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5
Q

Pros secret ballot act

A

-most prominant in areas with lots of voters
-vote more political than sociaal

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6
Q

Cons of secret ballot act

A

Seen as cowardly and unenglish to be secretive

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7
Q

3rd reform act-franchise

A

1884
-uniform franchise for both county and borough
0all of uk

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8
Q

3rd reform act franchise pros

A

2/3 men had vite
-2 x electorate
2.5 to 5 mill

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9
Q

3rd reform act franchise- cons

A

-women cant vote
Mp not paid
Only 18% pop could vote
Plural votig permitted- in certain circumstances, vote more than once- eg own multiple properties

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10
Q

3rd reform act-redistricbution

A

1885
-one member constituencies
-new constituencies in suburbs- villatoryism
-redistribute 142 seats
-more equal approx 50,000/constituencu

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11
Q

Pros 3rd reform act redistribution

A

More representative
Less domnated in south
More equal size

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12
Q

Cons redistribution 3rd reform act

A

No working class party
No laboyr

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13
Q

Why did sailsbury accept 3rd reform act

A

Only 1884 if redistributed
So villatoryis

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14
Q

Why gladstone accept 3rd reform act

A

-principle
-extend franchise-more votes from workers

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15
Q

Gladstone’s first ministry dates

A

1868-74

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16
Q

Disestablishment of church of ireland

A

1869
-irish welcomed act
Passed easily as liberals majority in gov

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17
Q

problems and failures of disestablishemnt of church of ireland

A

CoI caused great disatisfaction
90% catholic
But still had to pay 10% tithe even if not attending

-too little too late
-opposition from anglican tories

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18
Q

Irish land act

A

1870
-tenants reciv compensation to made to their land if evicted
-tenant coulnt be evicted if up to date with repayments

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19
Q

Irish land act- cons and failures

A

-unfiar on english landowners
-landowners could just raise rent money so coudnt afford
-seen as anti-property and anti-landowners
-fell short of 3Fs- propoed by irsish tenants league
Fixed tenancy, fair rent, free sale

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20
Q

irish uni bill

A

1873
-aim to provide catholic uni
-in order to avoid controversy
Religion, philosophy, modern history not taught

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21
Q

Irish uni bill failures and cons

A

Only 12/105 irish mps for
Liberals disliked ‘’gagging’ clauses by limiting subjjects
Catholics object to ‘miseducation’
Undermine anglican supremacy

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22
Q

Forster’s education act

A

1870
-elementary schoools set up
Had to pay but if poor free
-board schools set up
Where churches fought over to be on
-start of state education

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23
Q

Forster’’s education act cons

A

-parents prefer children in worl
-national education league- non conformist
Didnt meet demand
National- not united, diff boards
Compulsory- not, many prefer to worl
Non-sectarian- whilst not anglican boards competed for conrol
Free-still had to pay so remain parent’s responsibility

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24
Q

Reasons for forsters education act

A

-1867 reform act- increed need for education of working lass
-gladstone’;s belief of ‘’equality and options’
-economy booms, gov had more money to spend
-pressures from campaigners eg. Joe chamberlian
-rapid pop growh- voluntary system coudlnt cope
-britain behind russia and northern states usa
Who had better education- great economic and military sucess

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25
Q

Cowper-temple clause

A

Board schools not enforced anglican

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26
Q

Cowper temple clause failur

A

Middle class didnt want to pay for schools if teaching anglican beliefs- but still had to pay through tax

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27
Q

Abolition of purchase of commissions

A

-cant buy position in army
0-high positinos in army eg commander in chief gieven to roys
May lack in military skill and intellect

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28
Q

Withdrawal of troops from self governing colonies

A

From NZ, australia and canada
Instead replaved with local brisish trained troops
Reduce cost for gov in supplyiing troops
Allow self determination

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29
Q

Cons withdrawal of troops from self governing colonies

A

Public critical for being anti-imperialist
Alienating much of electorate
Fear would lead up to break of rest of empire

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30
Q

Civil seervice reform

A

1870
-competitve entrance exam introduced
Good intelliigence and increased effienciency
-won approval of middle class liberals who were well educated and belieed in hard work
-‘opening up of society’’

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31
Q

Trade union act

A

1871
-gave legal protection and right to strike
Political voice- could campaign for better working conditions

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32
Q

Cons trade union act

A

May harm economy
Upset middle class factory owners-threatened productivity

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33
Q

Criminal law ammendment act

A

Outlawed picketing
Giving tection to workers who werent striking
Gladstone didnt like violenceq

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34
Q

Criminal law ammednment act cons

A

Outlawed picketing making striking and trade unions innefective

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35
Q

lisencing act

A

1872
-limit opnng hours- many pubs shut at 11
-stop watering dwon of beer- regulation
-atempt to improve morals of working class
Appease temperance

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36
Q

Lisencing act cons

A

-failed to appease temperance act
‘. Didnt outlaw drinking altogether
-perpetuate inequality
Rich people still drink in clubs- causing anger from working class

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37
Q

Gladstone policies upset landowning classes

A

Irish land act- undermine landowners
Tenants more rights
Pay more compensation

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38
Q

How glastone upset anglican church

A

-forster education act-bpard schools could be run by non confromist
-disestablishement of CoI- remove anglican church- limiting spread

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39
Q

How gdstone upset empire

A

Withdrawal of self governing colonies
Seen ani-imperialists
Fear of breaking up

Also at time- 1870s recession- empire form of income

40
Q

Working classes how angered by gladstone

A

Licensing act
Limit druking- ‘drink to forget’ and social
Rich can still drink in clubs
Crimnal law ammendment act
Trade unions pointless

41
Q

Non conformits how annoyed by gladstone

A

-many part of temperance movement- wanted full ban from licensing act

42
Q

How privilege position of elite changed from glastoen

A

Challenged-meritocracy
Abolition of pruchase of commissins
Civil service reforms

43
Q

Factory act

A

1874
-reduce working day 10.5 to 10 h
-age employment 8 to 10
Full employment 13 to 14
-gov inspectorates introduced

44
Q

Failures of factory act

A

-9h movement- still more to go
-only apply to textile factories esp in lancashire as where 9h movement orgionated fromm
-limited no. Gov inspectorates in country -only 4

45
Q

Artisans dwelling act

A

1875
-local authorty could impose compulsory purchase of unhealthy slums
Oversee replacement w/ planned housing’
-financed by low interest gov loans to local govb
-houses built by pvate neteiprise

46
Q

Example successful artisans dwelling act

A

1881 joseoh chamberlian- radical- used in birmigham

47
Q

Failure artisans dwelling acts

A

-act permissive
-too expenive to implement as local gov pay back thorugh tax
-only 10/87 english towns used

48
Q

Public health act

A

1875
-clear guidance of local authorities responsibilities
Eg. Adequate wateer supply and sewage system
Infectious diseases must be reported to medical office
Responsiblility for streeet lights, burials and removal of waste
-made compulsory

49
Q

Failure of public health act

A

-nothing new introduced just consolodation of previous legislation and making compulsory

50
Q

Sale. Of food and drugs act

A

1875
-regulation fo the adulteration of food

51
Q

Failure sale of food and drugs act

A

-failed o compel local authoirties to appoint food analysts
So coudnt be enforced

52
Q

Rivers’ pollution act

A

1875
-deal w/ pollition in rivers

53
Q

Failure river polution act

A

No definition of pollution

54
Q

Employwers and workmen act

A

1875
Contract for both employer and employee who could breach
Boosting position of worker

55
Q

Failures of employwers and workmen act

A

Copying liberals

56
Q

Merchant shipping act

A

1876
-prevent overloading of ships which made for dangerouse conditions for sailiors
-‘plimsoll’ line drawn
Show max load

57
Q

Failures of merchant shipping act

A

-permissive
-disraeli didnt care- prssure from samuel plimsoll who shook with rage

58
Q

Sandon’s education act

A

1876
-encourage school attendance and parents responsiblility in enusring
-gov sustain finances of cofe schools
Gov pay thorugh taxes not chirch
-school leaving certificates needed for jobs

59
Q

Failure sadons education act

A

Not compulsory

60
Q

Conspiracy and protection of property act

A

1875
-allow picketing
Reverse criminal law ammendment act

61
Q

Failure conspiracy and protection of propeerty act

A

Liberals had palnned to ammed it 1871

62
Q

Why were disraeli’s socail reforms so limitted

A

-stopped in 1876
-gesturs
Wanted to be voted again, do minimum, had promised to ‘elevate the condition of the poeople’
-cutting taxes
So less money on reform
Wanted to appease middle class
Cut from 3d to 2d
-justification
Working with context of laissez-faire
Claimed permissive legislation ue to ‘characterisation fo a free people’
-not interested
Left with richard cross- home secretary
Sime laws already thought up by liberal party
Employers and workemnt act
-foreign policy priority
Focus on eastern q

63
Q

Good acts for workers by gladstone

A

-abolitno of purchase of comissions
-civil service act
-trade union act in long term
-forsters education act
-mundellas education act
-secret ballot
-3rd reform act

64
Q

Bad acts for workers by gladstone

A

Criminal law ammendment act
Licencing act

65
Q

Good acts disraeli

A

Employers and workemn act
Conspiracy and portection of property act
Factory act- but not enough

66
Q

Bad acts disraeli

A

Artisans dwellings act- permissive, liit impact
Merchant shipping act- permissive

67
Q

Overall who did more for workers

A

Gladstone- despit ewrse CLAA
-long term- abolitno of purchase of comissions,
-on principle-trade inion

Disraeli- permissive
-didnt care-rciards cross
-but did do best- employers and workmen

68
Q

Mundella’s education act

A

1880
-made education compulsory for 5-10 (primary
-no. Children- recieving an education doubled
1.5 to 3 mill 1870-1880

69
Q

Failures mundellas education act

A

Not free 3d/week
-inequality- nbettter private schools
-girls education less priority

70
Q

Irish land act 1881

A

Gave 3y
Free sale, fixed tenure, fair rent
Brought land war to end

71
Q

Failures of irish land act 1881

A

Seen as 10 y too late
Irish now demanding nationalisation

72
Q

Disreali’s second ministry- reshaping of conservative party- main points

A

-one nation conservatism
-expand basis of support
-primrose league
-disraeli’s key beliefs and principles

73
Q

One nation conservatism

A

For all
Maintain class structurE
People are united via nation not class
‘Patriotic party’’

74
Q

Conservatives exoand basis of support

A

Local ssocations grew each constituency- pool and cheep beer
Appeal working classes eg. Working class
Romise to ‘elevation of the condition of the poeple’ 1872 crystal palace speech

75
Q

Primrose lague

A

1883
Connect classes together, some working class members enjoyed’ ‘’rubbing shoulers’ with high society
Conservaties gradually transform tto one of more appeal

76
Q

Disraeli’s key beliefs and princples

A

Preservation of the establishment
Anglican church, aristocracy, monarchy
Create an alliance between aristocracy and working classes hwilst maintaiing class structure
Defend and even expand empire
Compete w/ usa and russia and germany
Gladstone had ‘attempt’ pf libelism to effect the disintergration of the empire’

77
Q

Dates gladstone’s second ministry

A

1880-85

78
Q

Dates disraeli gov

A

1874-80

79
Q

Things to improve on- to what extent were disreali’s social reforms more successful than gladstone’s in the period 1868-1886

A

-motivation behind gladstone and disreali’s reforms
-ensure consider the reforms in the civil service, abolition of the purchase of commissions
-permissive disreali acts

80
Q

To what extent were dosreali’s social reforms more successful than gladstone’s in the period 1868-86

A

-workers
-education system
-permissive nature disreali
-changes to society- gladstone abolition of the purchase of commissions

81
Q

Gladstone on laissez faire

A

‘It is the duty of the gov to make it diff for people to do wrong, easy to do right’

82
Q

Disraeli ideology

A

The two nations- divide
Sybil (same book)

83
Q

Disraeli personal talent

A

When chancellor budget 1952- used humour and scorn to relentlessly criticise the previous chancellors

84
Q

Gladstone adv over disrali

A

Seen as the moralist

85
Q

Demonstration of high mortality rate

A

All four of gladstones children from first marriage died before age of 20
Even for those at the top

86
Q

Failure of gladstones first ministry

A

Licensing act
‘We have been bourne down’ on a ‘torrent of beer and gin

87
Q

Merchant shipping act weknesses corrccted

A

1890 when board to inspect these lines, before permissive

88
Q

Disraeli on protectioonism

A

Not only dead but damned

89
Q

Gladstone did more for the workers taht disraeli

A

Yes although employers and workmens act 1875
Education
Health
Working conditions

90
Q

Gladstone disraeli workers - education- for

A

Gladstone layed foundations of state education
1870 forsetr education act- setting up elemnetary schools and board schools- in areas where there was no church schols already-
Mundellas education act 1880- second miniistry- made schol compulsory 5-13 year olds helping to ensure all children could gain a greater equality of opportunity = meritocracy, greater job prospects perhaps not read and right
Schools fee payiing- atv low rate, exempt for poorr families- gladstone enhanced education provsion to large extent

91
Q

Gladsone disraeli workers- no- education

A

Gladstones acts weaknesses- board schools upset non conformists- a group predominantly made of working and lower some middle class committed to idea better life fater death, as advertised by non conformist- anglican board
Compuslroy education limited household inocme- as children no loger work
Yet. Disrali did contribute- 1876 sandons edcucation act- creating schoool levaing certificates which may have been needed get a job- increase incentive to work- marginal

92
Q

Gladstone more disraeli- workers

A

1871- gladstone legalised tu- enabling workers to group collectiely in order to bargain improved working conditions
Gladstone sought create a meritcoracy, increased fairness civil service test
Aboliyion of purchase of ocmisison- posotions on military based on meirt and ablity rathe rthan titles- opp for all in position of superiority

93
Q

Disraeli more than galdstone workers- rights and opp for workers

A

Abolition of purchase of commissions act ineffective- duke of cambridge remain leader of army
Gladstone legalised tu- next day claa maint tu pointless unable to picket
Disraeli overturned claa through conspiracy and protection of property act thus present disraeli as man of people- but coppied from gladstone and aiming to reform to conserve
Passing range ohther acts- merchant shippingh act 1876- plimsoll line tyo avoid dangerous oerpacking of ships- permissie
But disrali did do employers and workements act 1875 contratc and commpensation- proetct workers rights- so diraelis did do well

94
Q

Gladstone more than disralei- health for workers

A

Licencing act 1872- stopped adulteration of beer and steting opening and closing times for pubs
Limit extent excessive drinking could take place, hamper health and worker productivity

95
Q

Disraeli more than gladstone- workers health

A

Licencing act controvesial- temperance movement non confromist not far enough, many workers felt unfair as private clubs open
Disraeli public health act- consolidated exiting laws ensure met with inspectorate
Artisans dwelling act 1875- enabled la clear slums and build new homes- joseph camberslian in brimingham- only used 10/87
Disraeli not behind ideology richard cross— disrali home sec, disreali more interested im foriegn policy
Rivers pollution act littel affect- not committed

7-British History (18 decks)

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