1939-64- Development Of Political Parties Flashcards
1945 ge results
Lab 393 +239 48%
Con 210 -210 39.6%
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree
Loa y
Results disastrous con lost 219 seats with lab 393
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- election campaign- y
Slogans trust the gov and lets win the war- erroneous to electorate- out of touch gov not proving how trustworthy
Lets win the war in ref to pacific war- war battered nation dont want perpetual war, fresh start
Campaign assumed public idolation of churchill not the case- imperialist preoccupied with restoring empire esp india- rest of counrty not
Structural suport not there- local con party organisation and activists decrease duirng and after war
3000 spent rather £30,000 in 1935
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- electoral campaign- lab strength
Upliftiing and progresive- lets face the future, lets build the houses quick - fast mobing
Atlee calm and statemanlike- modest comp to aristocratic chirchill
Captured public mood- war won by the people not the leader
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- treatment of the working class
Historically con party of aristocratics, patriots and increassing niddle classes
Churchill villan with 1926 general stuike- dealt in aggressive and unsympathetic way
Lack of support- walthamstow 1945 campaign speech shouted at by working class crowd
Lack welfare reform proposals made- war main priority
Beveridge report divided - moderates such as tory reform group supported, tradtions chrchill feared high tax and increased state intervention
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- treatment working class- lab strnegth
Beveriedge report supported- 86% pop in favour
Founded on socialist principles and for working class
Post war state iintervention more welcomed- rationsing and gov control major industries ww2
State control to increase living conditions- free school meals and free school milk
Middle class increase support with evacuees poeverty seen- moree willing
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- wartime con weakness
Churchill heralded as man who won the war yet not in the eyes of many
Inspiratiopnal speeches aimed to boost morale but seen as drunkedn slurred shakespearean language- out of touch
War mogering with appeasement- chamberlain- macmillian claimed ‘it was not churchill who lost theh 1945 election it was the ghost of neville chambeleraliin- past ministers haunt 1945
The main reason the con lost the 1945 election was due to the poor election campaign- how far do you agree- war tiem- lab strength
War utilised as opposed to to demonstrate lab viability and skill- bevin and morrison both working as coalition inisters as lab minister and home secretary- responsible for domestic policy= could run a welfare state
Pamphlet the guilty men- labour proposed present con failed to prepare for war and appeasement
Ge result 1950
Lab 315 -78
Con 290 +77
Ge result 1951
Lab 291 -24
Con 321 +31
Ge 1950+51 - con strenhth policy
Promised to build 300,000 homes a year
Accepted the majority of labour reofms welfare state and mixed econ
Adopted industrial charter claims we are not a party of unbridled brutal capitalism and never have been
Churchill captured public modd by promising more read mmeat-
Churchill gained popularity un korean war
Manifesto 1950 this is the road accepted lab reform and promised to introduce a dose of competition intothe econ
Ge 1950+51 lab weakness policy
Udealism and policy disagrenets
Morrison called for consolidation but bevan wanted more reform esp more nat
Nat of abdan oil refinery in iran humiliating
Under lab age of austerity- middle class workers and women v furstrated with rationin
Taxation caused disatisfcation- standard rate 45% top rate 90^
Houseing shortage with 50,000 still squatting in 1951
Ge 1950+51 con strength leadersip
Churchill still pop and could be star performer
Contain men of political heavyweight- eden forieign policy and macmillan, butler
But churchill 76 and just had stroke in 1950
Ge 1950+51 - lab weakness leadership
Av age cabinet 1949 60
Stress took toll many left, bevin died 1951
Leadership struggle with party less united than in 1945
Ge 1950+51 - party organisation
New party chiraman lord woolton- helped revitalise con grass roots by setting local party task of raising 1 million
1945 election v disastrous so by 1950 nearlyt 300 party constituency agents applied qualiflied
Early 1950s membership 3 mill- largest
Woolten said no candiate should contribute more than £25 per yr to local constuency prevent wealthy candidate chose
Yc started in 1946 and grew rapidly
Party attracted large donations from usinesses- esp fear nat
Party propaganda more sophistciated
Ge 1950+51- lab weakness other
Working class identified drop 78 to 72% 1931-51
Rep peoples across- abolish two menver constuency, boundry changes, postal voting 10-1 to ocn, abolish plural voting and seperate uni votes
Atlee could have reformed more but did not- morality morality morality
Political consesnus definition
Varries
Broad or happy and willing agreement between the two main parties on social economic and industrial policy
Political consensus ys historian
Addison
Political consensus no
Revisionist- barney and jeff rys, pimlott- mirage
Political consensus occured- essay plan
Economic
Reform
Tu and working class
Political consesnus- yes econmic
Accepted need for gov intervention in social and econ policu and need for state planning
Con industrial charter 1947- party commitment to mized econ- accepted lab nat policies of coal and railway, after 1947 lab slow down on nat suggesting meeting halfway
1954 economist- butskellism suggesting current chancellor and lab predecessor similar
Political consensus- economic no
Con denat iron steel and road
1964 wilson promised to lead white heat of technology
Political consesnus - yes - reform
Beveridge report drawn up by both parties in coaliution gov during wartime- both parties committed to implement most of ideas
Despite some opposition to aspects of nhs- can accept it as a commitment
Nhs uncontroversial- minister of health not in cabinet 1952-62
Political consesnus- no reform
Strong con opp esp detail of nhs
1964 nation was ready for change and consesnus which had dominated 13y ocn gov broad decline
Con introduced some changes in 1950s abolishing id cards 1952
Bought end to rationing at end 1954
Con wanted dto keep tripartite sstem as benefit middle class support
Political consesnus- yes- tu and working class
Con followed lab policy of full employment and tried to break association with 1930s when labelled party of mass unemp- 1944 churchill wartime coalition white paper- the gov accepted as one of its primary aims the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment
Con accepted need to treat tu as part of poltical establishemnt and as a legit part in shaping econ policy- nedc
Two rail strikes in 1953-54 were averted capitulation to the demand- no new legislation threat confront tu not allowed
Political consesnus- no tu and working class
Voters wanted social change in 1945 and reform still associated con with 130s
Con out of touch- old values against abortion and divorce, public school, benan 1945 tories lower than vermin, con lab socialist
Problems which divided labour party
Gaitskell v bevanites
Nuclear weapons
Conflict bevanites and gaitskell
Gaitskell beat bevan after atlee left- led party centre right
Bevanites left wingers believes in high natyionalisation and larger turnout which had more control over gov policy
Conlfict nuclear
Cnd movement- campiagn nuclear disarmament and unilateralists- nuclear deterrant simple patriotism should be spent on welfare refomrs vs main party belief that need nuclear weaposn
How macmillan described 1950 years
Never had it so good
Reasons for post 1951 con dominance
Development politcial consensus
Improvement living standards under ocn
Labour divisions
Reasons for post 1951 con dominance - development political consensus
Few major issues for lab party to seriously challenge con on given post war consesnus
Con accpted key principles of lab econ and socila policy- mixed econ and welfare state
Similar econ policu- butskellism
Class divisions undermined in war- nat unity, rationing creation welfare state, wellbeing of entire population matter
Post 1951 con dominance improvements standards of living
Most signiif reason
Macmillan 1956- most of our people have never had it so good
Despite hardships for some, wages rose ahead of prices throughoyt period real wages rose 29% 1955-60, 4% 1960-64
Greater availability of credit, borrow more, uy more manufactured goods
Consumer boom 1950-64 car ownership 4x
1951-54 macmillan achieved target 300,000 homes built but poor quality, by 64 1.7mil built
Rent act abolished rent controls making 6 mill more housues available on market
Macmilliian property owing demcracy as bank and building societies encouraged by gov to lend out more mortagegs
Increased scoial mobility
Credit blurred class diviison
Madd produced consumer goods- tvs increased in millions by 1953 for watching queen coronation
Post 1951 con dominance- labour divisions
Identity issue with bevanites
Divided on support nuclear eweapons with many members cnd supporter
Gaitskell unable bring party tpgeyther- faced popular citicism at party conference 1960
Churchill a great wartime leader
Loa no
Political
Miliatry
Morale domestic
Churchill a great wartime leader poltical yes
Was opp to appeasement- made more sucessful later- cannot reason with a tiger when your head is in its mouth
1940 emergency powers act- censorhsip, direct people to work, consdicption
War cabinet carefully put together from all three parties in catlee and bevin to keep on side
