Dislipidaemias - 2

Question 0

Fibrates (Fibric Acids)

Answer 0

decreases LDL (-), increases HDL (+++), decreases TRIGLYGERIDES (—-)

• agent of choice - stimulates lipoprotein lipase
• interacts warfarin, statins
• no use with hepatic or renal impairment or gallbladder disease
• dyspepsia, gallstones, myopathy

Question 1

HMG-coA reductase inhibitors

Answer 1

DECREASES LDL (—-), increases HDL (++), decreases triglycerides (–)

• decrease cholesterol synthesis, increase LDL receptors
• no pregnancy or teens
• interacts warfarin, fibrates, erythromycin
• side effects: myopathy & increased liver enzymes

Question 2

Nicotinic Acid (niacin)

Answer 2

decreases LDL (--), INCREASES HDL (++++), decreases triglycerides (---)
-inhibits lipolysis, decreases HDL catabolism

Question 3

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Answer 3

decreases LDL (—), increases HDL (+)

• increases cholesterol excreted in bile salts
• interacts with warfarin, statins, digoxin, aspirin
• GI distress, constipation, decreased absorption of other drugs

Question 4

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

Answer 4

decreases LDL (-), increases HDL (+), decreases triglycerides (-)

• not to be used in patients with moderate hepatic impairment
• headache, GI distress

Question 5

Colestipol

Answer 5

bile acid sequestrant - reduce absorption of vit ADEK

Question 6

lovastatin

Answer 6

HMG-coA reductase inhibitor

Question 7

Gemfibrozil

Answer 7

fibrate

Question 8

Ezetimibe

Answer 8

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Question 9

Pravastatin

Answer 9

HMG-coA reductase inhibitor

Question 10

Dislipidaemia type 1

Answer 10

Familial hyperchylomicronaemia - increased chylomicrons

cholesterol (+), TAG (+++), no risk

Question 11

Cholestyramine

Answer 11

Bile acid sequestrant - reduce absorption of vit ADEK

Question 12

Dyslipidaemia type 2a

Answer 12

Familial hypercholesterolaemia - increased LDL

cholesterol (++), high risk - treat with statin or ezetimibe

Question 13

Simvastatin

Answer 13

HMG-coA reductase inhibitor

Question 14

Fenofibrate

Answer 14

fibric acid

Question 15

Dislipidaemia type 2b

Answer 15

Familial combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia - increased LDL + VLDL
cholesterol (++), TAG (++), risk high
treat with fibrates, statin, niacin

Question 16

Colesevelam

Answer 16

bile acid sequestrant

Question 17

Dislipidaemia type 3

Answer 17

Familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia - high VLDL(IDL)
cholesterol (++), TAG(++), risk moderate
treat with fibrates or statins

Question 18

Atorvastatin

Answer 18

HMG-coA reductase inhibitor

Question 19

Rosuvastatin

Answer 19

HMG-coA reductase inhibitor

Question 20

Dyslipidaemia type 4

Answer 20

Familial hypertriglyceridaemia - high TAG
cholesterol (+), TAG (++), risk moderate
treat with fibrates or niacin

Question 21

Dyslipidaemia type 5

Answer 21

Familial mixed hypertriglyceridaemia - high VLDL + chylomicrons
cholesterol (+), TAG (++), no risk
treat with fibrates, niacin, fish oil or statin