Diabetes - 2 Flashcards
0
Q
Glinides
A
- insulin secretagogues
- stimulates insulin release
- rapid onset + short action duration
- combine with metformin (not sulphonylureas)
- dont use with gemfibrozil (hypoglycaemia)
1
Q
Sulphonylureas
A
- insulin secretagogue
- promote insulin release and sensitivity, reduces hepatic glucose production
2
Q
Biguanides
A
- Insulin sensitizers
- improved glucose uptake, reduces hepatic glucose production (main)
- slows intestinal glucose absorption
- reduces hyperlipidaemia, reduces appetite
- long term vit B12 deficiency
3
Q
Thiazolidinediones
A
- insulin sensitizers
- regulates adipocyte production, secretion of fatty acids and glucose metabolism
- do not use in nursing mothers
- can interact with contraceptives, can cause osteopenia
4
Q
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
A
- reversibly inhibits alpha glucosidase small intestine
- lowers glucose uptake
- no patients with colonic ulceration or intestinal obstruction
5
Q
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV inhibitors
A
- inhibit DPP-IV enzyme responsible for incretin hormone inactivation
- incretin hormones cause increased insulin release
- nasopharyngitis and pancreatitis can occur
6
Q
Metformin
A
Biguanide
7
Q
Glyburide
A
Sulphonylurea
- has active metabolites - caution with renal impairment
- relative safety in pregnancy
8
Q
Rosiglitazone
A
Thiazolidinedione
-do not use in nursing mothers
9
Q
Repaglinide
A
Glinide
-not for use with gemfibrozil
10
Q
Sitagliptin
A
Depeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibitor
11
Q
Acarbose
A
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
-poorly absorbed - primarily by intestinal bacteria
12
Q
Glipizide
A
Sulphonylurea
13
Q
Nateglinide
A
Glinide
-not with gemfibrozil
14
Q
Miglitol
A
alpha glucosidase inhibitor
-very well absorbed, no systemic effects
